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Anatomical sciences > The Axilla and shoulder girdle > Flashcards

The Axilla and shoulder girdle Flashcards

1
Q

where is the sternoclavicular joint

A

sternum and clavicle

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2
Q

where is the acromioclavicular joint

A

between clavicle and scapular

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3
Q

where is the glenohumeral joint

A

between humorous and scapula

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4
Q

palpable

A

felt through the skin

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5
Q

scapular structure

A

large
flat
triangular shape
overlays the ribs (2-7 on posterior lateral aspect of the thorax)

dorsal = spine of the scapula = shelf like , thick , ridge of bone
costal = fewer features - one large fossa, carxocid process - attach many ligaments

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6
Q

glenoid cavity

A

socket between scapula and humerous

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7
Q

acromion

A

peak of the shoulder

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8
Q

clavicle structure

A

s shaped contro
convex medially
concave laterally
almost flat near acronym
medial more bulky
conoid tubercle - site of important ligament attachment

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9
Q

humerus

A

longest bone in upper limb
ball of ball and socket - glint humorous joint
rotator cuff muscles
lesser tubule - subsoil pillars attaches
greater tubule - 3 facets - 3 rotator cuff muscles attach
super stuanuss, infer stunassus and Teres minor

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10
Q

anatomical and surgical neck of humerus

A

Anatomical neck = region that is directly adjacent to the head
Surgical neck = lower down = point at which humerus commonly fractures

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11
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

mandibrium
body
xiphoid sterum

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11
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

mandibrium
body
xiphoid process

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12
Q

common clinical features

A

clavicle break - weak point at the junction of 2 curves
proximal humero=us fracture - surgical neck - elderly osteoporosis

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13
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

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14
Q

tendon

A

connect muscle to bone

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15
Q

what is the shoulder girdle

A

region of the body where out upper limbs connect to the trunk

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16
Q

what does the shoulder girdle consist of

A

clavicle and scapula

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17
Q

palpable parts of shoulder girdle

A

the prominances of the scapula
- the acromion (the peak of the scapula
- the croacoid process of the scapula
- the protrusions of the humerus on the anterior side

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18
Q

area above the spine of the scapula

A

supra spina fossa

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19
Q

area below the spine of the scapula

A

infraspina fossa

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20
Q

coracoid process

A

site for attatchment of ligaments

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21
Q

greater and lesser tubercles

A

site of rotator cuff muscles

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22
Q

what muscle attach at the greater tubercle

A

3 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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23
Q

which joints are synovial joints

A

sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joint

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24
Q

3 specific regions are involved in the steroclavicular joint

A

medial end of the clavicle, the clavicular notch, manubrium region of the sternum

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25
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

synovial fluid filled cavity
surrounded by fibrous connective tissue capsule

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26
Q

3 main ligaments in the sternoclavicular joint

A

costoclavicular, interclavicular and the sternoclavicular ligaments

give strength and allows movement

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27
Q

where is costoclavicular ligament

A

runs between the costal cartilage and inferior surface of the clavical

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28
Q

where is interclavicular ligament

A

unites 2 medial ends of the clavicals and some attacine to superior surface of the manubrium

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29
Q

where is the sternoclavicular ligament

A

Sternoclavicular ligament - between sternum and clavica

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30
Q

3 ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament
caracoclavicular (2 parts = trapezoid and conoid ligaments)
corcocromial ligament

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31
Q

why is the glenohumeral joint unstable

A

because the ball is bigger than the socket to allow for wide range of movement
ball and socket - synovial joint

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32
Q

what provides support for the glenohumeral joint

A

-glenoid labrum - cartilaginous ring that increase the depth of the glenoid
- ligaments
- support from rotatory cuff muscles
- tendon from the supra glenoid cavity - maintains its position.

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33
Q

glenoid cavity of the scapula

A

shallow
allows for wide range of motion
unstable joint

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34
Q

glenoid labrum

A

cartilaginous ring
increases depth of the glenoid
stabilises joint

35
Q

supra globoid tubercle

A

dissection of the scapula - runs through the joint in a groove between the greater and lesser cubicle of the humerus = maintain the position - stabilises the head of the humerus within the glenoid - particularly during certain movements - abduction of shoulder joints

36
Q

common clinical dislocations

A

the glenohumeral joint in the shoulder - by a blow to an abducted, externally rotated and extended arm or violent muscle movements

can dislocate ant/pos/inf

37
Q

joint replacement

A

parts of damaged joint are removed and replaced with metal, plastic or ceramic device
total or hemi-arthroplasty or reverse total shoulder replacement

38
Q

3 main muscle groups of the shoulder girdle

A
  • anterior axis appendicular
  • posterior axis appendicular
  • scapulohumeral
39
Q

anterior axis appendicular

A

(connect upper limb and thoracic wall)

40
Q
  • posterior axis appendicular
A

(connect upper limb and vertical column)

41
Q
  • scapulohumeral
A

(connect scapula and humerus)

42
Q

what are the 4 anterior axioappendicular muscle

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior

43
Q

pectorals major muscle

A

thick
fan shaped muscle
wide range of surfaces
sternal half of clavicle
anterior half of sternum
flexion abduction internal rotation

44
Q

pectoralis minor

A

thin triangular muscle
from ribs 3,4,5
insets into caracoid process of scapula
moving scapular - protraction and depression

45
Q

subclavian muscle

A

small muscle
between 1st rib and clavicle
stables the sternaclavicular joint

46
Q

serratus anterior muscle

A

rib 1-9
muscle fibres run posteriorly around posterior wall
insert on dial border of the costal surface of the scapula
deep costal surface of the scapula in contact with thoracic wall

47
Q

4 muscles of the anterior axis appendicular muscle

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior

48
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the posterior axioappendicular muscles?

A

trapezius, latissiumus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulee

49
Q

trapezius

A

large triangular muscle
originates from wide number of surfaces
occipital bone of the skull and vertebra in your neck and thorax
clavicle acronym of the scapula and spin elf the scapula
moving neck and stabilising scapula

50
Q

latissisumus dorsi

A

large muscle
overlying the lumbar and lower thoracic region
originates from vertebra in thoracic and lumbar region
insert into groove of humerus - adduction, extension, internal rotation of the humerus

51
Q

where do the rhobboid major, minor and levator scapulae muscle originate and insert into

A

originate from different vertebra and insert into medial scapula

52
Q

what are the 6 scapulohumeral muscle

A

deltoid
teres major
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

53
Q

which 4 of the scapulohumeral muscles are rotator cuff muscle

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

54
Q

strutcure and function of deltoid

A

thick
Curved
Triangular
originates from chromium and scapular spine
Inserts about midway down the shaft of the humerus
Tubercle - deltoid tubercle - where the muscle inserts
Deltoid involved in a range of motion - abduction of upper limb, flextion, extension and rotation

55
Q

structure and function of teres major

A

Thick
Flat
Dorsal scapula to the humerus
Extension and medial rotation

56
Q

function of rotator cuff muscles

A

maintain stability of shoulder joint

57
Q

function of subscapularis muscle

A

medial rotation of humerus

58
Q

function of supraspinatus muscle

A

initiates abduction of arm

59
Q

function of infraspinatus muscle

A

lateral rotation of humerus

60
Q

types of toattroy cuff tears

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, complete, incomplete, full thickness, partial thickness

61
Q

intrinsic rotator cuff tear

A

degeneration , subnormal collagen fibres, hypovascularity

age, collagen problem, reduction in blood supply

62
Q

extrinsic rotator cuff tears

A

impingement, tensile overload (acute vs repetitive)

inflmmation mechanical pressure

63
Q

how does a rotator cuff tear occur

A

traumatic injury or excessive activity of the muscle

64
Q

symptoms of rotator cuff tears

A

pain, weakness, ADL difficulties

65
Q

what happens in frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

A

capsule and ligament of glenohumeral joint become inflamed
pain in shoulder
stiffen
external roation affected

66
Q

who is more likley to ave frozen shoulder

A

females
40-60
certain underlying conditions - diabetes, cardiovascular , thyroid

67
Q

stages of frozen shoulder

A

freezing
frozen
thawing = improvement over time

68
Q

difference between rotator cuff tear and frozen shoulder

A

the doctor is not able to move a frozen shoulder, whereas they are with a rotator cuff tear

69
Q

function of cervicoaxillary canal

A

allows neurovascular structures to pass between the neck and upper limb

70
Q

anterior wall of axilla

A

pectoralis major and minor muscles
subclavian muscles
clavipectoral fascia

71
Q

lateral wall of the axilla

A

inter tubercular sulcus

72
Q

medial wall of the axilla

A

upper thoracic wall
serratus anterior muscle

73
Q

posterior wall of the axilla

A

subscapularis
trees major
latissimus dorsi
long head of triceps
brachii muscle

74
Q

inlet of axilla

A

lateral margin f rib 1
clavicle
superior margin of scapula to carload process

75
Q

floor of axilla

A

skin of armpit
opens laterally into arm

76
Q

what artery is the main blood supply to the upper limb

A

brachial artery

77
Q

3 main regions of axillary artery

A

Based on position of the artery in relation to the pectoralis minor muscle
1. Proximal to pectoralis minor
2. Posterior to muscle
3. Diastal to muscle

78
Q

what are the 2 veins that drain the arm

A

cephalic vein
catholic vein

79
Q

where is cephalic vein

A

point of entering the axilla

80
Q

where is the catholic vein

A

rubs between the deltoid muscle and pectorals major

81
Q

when does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein and what is its function?

A

At the point of leaving the axilla to the first rib - travels to return blood to the heart

82
Q

lymphatic drainage system of the axilla

A

all lymph drains into the apical nodes of the axilla, then into the subclavian trunk, before draining back into the venous supply

83
Q

axilla lymph system parts

A

axillary lymph node, axillary artery, apical axillary node, pectoralis minor, supraclavicular node, pectoralis major, thoracic nodes, breast tissue.

84
Q

what is lymphoedema

A

abnormal accumulation of lymph which cause localised swelling
women treated for breast cancer - at risk
disruption of lay-tic system (by surgery or radiotherapy)

85
Q

winged scapula

A

most commonly caused by damage to long thoracic nerve
inverted serratus anterior muscle
keeps medial border at inferior angle of the scapula opposed to the thoracic wall

Anatomical sciences (12 decks)

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