THE BIG LIST - UNIT 2 Flashcards
Graph that shows the number of males and females in each age group within a population. Pyramids with large bases have many young people (LDC’s) Beehive or column shapes indicate an aging population (MDC’s)
Population pyramid
Policies that encourage people to have children. More likely in countries in stage 4 of the dem trans.
Pronatalist
Policies that discourage people from having children (China’s One Child Policy). More likely in countries in stage 2 of the dem trans
Antinatalist
People born between 1946 and 1964. Largest population cohort in US history. Now entering retirement. Will strain taxpayers and entitlement (government retirement) programs, such as social security as more money is needed to care for a growing number of elderly dependents. This also causes the number of taxpayers to decrease as a percentage of the population.
Baby Boomers
Large scale emigration of highly skilled people from less developed regions. This can exacerbate economic and social issues in these regions, due to the growing absence of professionals needed to alleviate them
Brain Drain
The number of people that can live off the resources and arable land in a place. The ability of a place to feed and support its population. If population exceeds carrying capacity, food and/or resources must be imported.
Carrying capacity
Age and sex category in a population pyramid.
Cohort
calculates population and population increase based on CBR, CDR, and net migration
Demographic accounting equation
the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. Even after a decrease in birth rates to replacement fertility, population will still grow until elder cohorts die off.
Demographic momentum
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. - tells how many people each worker supports
Dependency ratio
Number of children the average woman will have in her child bearing years.
Total Fertility Rate
Replacement fertility rate
2.1
number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
doubling time
The proportion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. Has increased with improved technology.
Ecumene
The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births.
Infant mortality rate
Argued that the world’s rate of population increase was far outrunning the increase in food supply
Malthus, Thomas
ratio of live births to the population, it is expressed as # of birth in year to every 1000 people alive in the society
Crude birth rate
theory that builds upon Malthus’ thoughts on overpopulation. Deals not only with food but also outstripping of resources other than food
Neo-malthusian
population of a place exceeds the availability of food and resources
Overpopulation
percentage by which a population grows in a year
Natural Increase Rate
number of males per hundred females in the population
Sex ratio
quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population
Standard of living
best outcomes for human and natural environments both in the present and for the future
Sustainability
the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero.
Zero population growth
