The Blood

Question 1

What is blood composed of?

Answer 1

Plasma and Formed elements

Question 2

Layers of spinned blood

Answer 2

Plasma - 55%
Buffy coat - <1%
Erythrocytes - 45%

Question 3

Main functions of blood

Answer 3

• Distribution and transport of gases, nutrients, waste and hormones
• Homeostasis - pH and temperature
• Protection - Platelets for sealing, Leucocytes for phagocytosis

Question 4

What fraction of the body weight is blood?

Answer 4

8%

Question 5

Average blood volume

Answer 5

Female: 4-5 L
Male: 5-6 L

Question 6

Blood pH

Answer 6

7.35 - 7.45

Question 7

Viscosity of blood relative to water

Answer 7

Whole blood: 4.5-5.5

plasma: 2.0

Question 8

Blood osmolarity

Answer 8

280-300 mOsm/L

Question 9

Mean salinity of blood

Answer 9

0.85%

Question 10

What is haematocrit?

Answer 10

Volume percentage of RBCs in the blood, also PCV

Question 11

Normal haematocrit values

Answer 11

• Female: 37%-48%
• male: 45%-52%

Question 12

Blood haemoglobin

Answer 12

Female: 12-16 g/100 ml
Male: 13-18 g/100 ml

Question 13

Mean RBC Count

Answer 13

Female: 4.8 million/uL
Male: 5.4 million/uL

Question 14

Platelet count

Answer 14

130,000-360,000/uL

Question 15

Total WBC count

Answer 15

4,000-11,000/uL

Question 16

What percentage of plasma is water?

Answer 16

92%

Question 17

Proteins in plasma

Answer 17

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Enzymes of diagnostic value trace

Question 18

Most abundant plasma protein

Answer 18

Albumin

Question 19

Composition of plasma

Answer 19

Water
Proteins
Glucose
Amino acid
Lactic acid
Lipid/Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Iron/Vitamins
Electrolytes 
Nitrogenous waste

Question 20

Difference between plasma and serum

Answer 20

Serum - Clotting protein, fibrin, present

Plasma - Fibrin absent

Question 21

What are the formed elements?

Answer 21

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets