the body Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the levels of organisation within living organisms?
organelle, cells, tissues, organs systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem and biosphere
how does the digestive system work as an organ system?
it converts the foods we eat into their simplest forms (glucose, amino acids or fatty acids)
what do enzymes do?
they increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumed or permanently altered by the reaction
what is the lock and key model?
a theory of enzyme action that explains how enzymes fit their substrate
what is the effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity?
raising a temperature speeds up a reaction, each enzyme has an optimum pH range - changing the pH outside of the range will slow activity
what are digestive enzymes?
proteins that break down food and help digestion
-amylase-made in mouth and pancreas, breaks down complex carbs
-lipase-made in pancreas, breaks down fats
-protease-made in pancreas, breaks down proteins
how are products of digestion used?
building carbohydrates
what does bile do?
it carries away waste to break down fats during digestion. it is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
how is the resting heart rate controlled?
a group of cells in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker - they set off impulses that make the heart muscle contract
how can irregularities in the heart be corrected?
an artificial pacemaker can be fitted to correct the irregularities
what do arteries do?
carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your body
what do veins do?
collect oxygen poor blood and return it to the heart
what do capillaries do?
take waste products away from your tissues
what do red blood cells do?
carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the rest of the body
what do white blood cells do?
fight infection by pathogens and stop disease
what does plasma do?
carries the blood cells and platelets around the body
what are platelets?
broken down parts of cells that form scabs
what happens in coronary heart disease?
your heart’s blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries
what are satins used for?
lowering your cholesterol
what is the consequences of your heart valves becoming faulty?
increase your risk of having. a heart attack, stoke and other heart conditions
what is the difference between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour?
a benign tumour isn’t a cancerous tumour
risk factors of cancer
-genetics
-smoking
-alcohol
-infection and inflammation
