The boer war 1867-1902 Flashcards
(16 cards)
When was the first Boer war
1.6.-8.
1867-81
Who were the Boers
D… of D… settlers
Descendants of Dutch settlers
What was the Boers colony called
C… c…
Cape colony
When did the British invade and take over the cape colony
1806
What happened after Britain took over cape colony in 1806
-the … left … colony and headed …
-they … up … new …, the … and the … free …
-the boers left cape colony and headed north
-they set up 2 new colonies, the Transvaal and the orange free state
Why did the first Boer war begin
-in 1.6. d… were discovered in … states
-the … tried to get the … to … their … with the … ones, but the … refused
-a … broke …
-the … could not … the … so they stopped …
-in 1867 diamonds were discovered in Boer states
-the British tried to get the Boers to unite their states with the British ones, but the Boers refused
-a war broke out
-the British could not defeat the Boers so they stopped fighting
when was the second Boer War
.8.9-1.0.
1899-1902
What led to the second Boer war
-in 1.8. g… was discovered in … states
-Cecil … opened … inside Boer t… and lots of … workers went to … in them
-the … leader P… K… refused to give the … workers any … rights
-… payed for a plan to … Kruger and … him
-the plan … and … increased between the … and the …
-the … placed more … along the … of Boer …
-… broke out in 1.8.
-in 1886 gold was discovered in Boer states
-Cecil Rhodes opened mines inside Boer territory and lots of British workers went to work in them
-the Boer leader Paul Kruger refused to give the British workers any political rights
-Rhodes payed for a plan to overthrow Kruger and replace him
-the plan failed and tension increased between the Boers and the British
-the British places more troops along the borders of Boer states
-war broke out in 1899
What were the Boer victories
-the … army s… the … early on
-the Boers were … skilled … who had modern …, … and knew the … well
-… fought in … groups, so they were … to …
-they used … (“little war”) …
-after Britain sent …,000 troops to fight …,000 Boer … the Boers started … British …, railways and …
-the Boer army stunned the British early on
-the Boers were highly skilled fighters who had modern guns, horses and knew the terrain well
-Boers fought in small groups, so they were hard to detect
-they used guerrilla (“little war”) tactics
-after Britain sent 500,000 troops to fight 50,000 Boer soldiers the Boers started raiding British camps, railways and mines
What was britains response
-in .9.0 the British r… by sending …,000 million …
-British … general K… introduced the S… earth p…
-Boer …, women and … were rounded up in … camps, around …,000 in total
-there were also … concentration … where around …,000 were r… up
-in 1900 the British responded by sending 500,000 million troops
-British commander general Kitchener introduced the scorched earth policy
-Boer men, women and children were rounded up in concentration camps, around 116,000 in total
-there were also black concentration camps where around 130,000 were rounded up
How did the war come to an end
-by .9.2 both sides were … but the …surrendered
-it was agreed … states would become … colonies but the Boers were … they could make … decisions
-in 1.1. the Boers s… joined with cape … and N… to form the U… of S… Africa, part of the … empire
-this a… was classed as a d… rather than a c… that ran its own …
-by 1902 both sides were exhausted but the Boers surrendered
-it was agreed Boer states would become British colonies but the Boers were promised they could make key decisions
-in 1910 the Boers states joined with cape colony and Natal to form the Union of South Africa, part of the British empire
-this area was classed as a dominion rather than a colony that ran its own affairs
Consequences of the Boers war
-.50k soldiers fought, … died from battle, and 16k died from from … or wounds, the … lost … of their 90k … and 28k … also died
-the … of the … of South …, which laid the … for the future … of South …
-… impact for the Boers and the …, farms and … was heavily …
-… consequences, led the … to have a …-lasting … towards the …
-450k soldiers fought, 6k died from battle, and 16k died from from illness or wounds, the Boers lost 7k of their 90k soldiers and 28k civilians also died
-the formation of the Union of South Africa, which laid the foundations for the future development of South Africa
-economic impact for the Boers and the British, farms and infrastructure was heavily damaged
-social consequences, led the Boers to have a long-lasting animosity towards the British
Main factors driving British involvement in Africa in the 19th century
E…
-discovery of … and …
—>cecil …
—>… wars
I…
-i…
—>wanted to … empire
G… i…
-Suez …
—>…% ships were … that entered it
—>they wanted to … ships
—>able to … a lot of …
—>… trade with …
—>fast … to …
R…/s…
-… civilising …
—>believed the … were … due to … and …
—>wanted to establish … based on …
Economic
-discovery of gold and diamonds
—>cecil Rhodes
—>boer wars
Ideas
-imperialism
—>wanted to strengthen empire
Geopolitical interests
-Suez Canal
—>80% ships were British that entered it
—>they wanted to tax ships
—>able to make a lot of money
—>improved trade with India
—>fast route to India
Religion/social
-Christian civilising mission
—>believed the British were superior due to race and religion
—>wanted to establish colonies based on Christianity
The Boer wars simplified
Start of First Boer war:
-Cecil … wanted to … with … states to access … and …
-they …
-… broke …
-… backed off as the … were strong
Start of Second Boer wars
-… opened … in Boer …
-British … flooded …
-… refused the … rights
-… planned to … Kruger but …
-… increased
-… placed more … along state …
-war … out
Boer behaviour
-… had early …
-had … guns and …
-… in … groups
-used … tactics
-Boer soldiers … camps, … and m…
British behaviour
-… introduced the … earth …
-
.. were sent to … camps
-there were … concentration …
End of the Boer wars
-the Boers …
-Boer … became … territory
-Boers still made important …
-… states joined the cape … and n…to … the union of … Africa
-this area was …
Start of First Boer war:
-Cecil Rhodes wanted to unite with Boer states to access gold an diamonds
-they refused
-war broke out
-Britain backed off as the Boers were strong
Start of Second Boer wars
-Rhodes opened mines in Boer states
-British workers flooded in
-Kruger refused the workers rights
-Rhodes planned to kill Kruger but failed
-tension increased
-British placed more troops along state borders
-war broke out
Boer behaviour
-Boers had early victories
-had modern guns and horses
-travelled in small groups
-used guerrilla tactics
-Boer soldiers raided camps, railways and mines
British behaviour
-Kitchener introduced the scorched earth policy
-civilians were sent to concentration camps
-there wee black concentration camps
End of the Boer wars
-the Boers surrendered
-Boer states became British territory
-Boers still made important decisions
-Boer states joined the cape colony and natal to form the union of South Africa
-this area was dominion
Imperial propaganda
-believed that white C… people were s… to those of different r… and races
-j… (extreme n…, often involving a…) was introduced to encourage s… for taking over land a…
-the British l… and the British c… society were formed to s… the idea of i.l. and to promote l… to the British empire
-believed that white Christian people were superior to those of different religions and races
-jingoism (extreme nationalism, often involving aggression) was introduced to encourage support for taking over land abroad
-the British league and the British colonial society were formed to support the idea of imperialism and to promote loyalty to the British empire
Summary for expansion in africa
-in the late 18..0s several n… nations started to claim l… in Africa
-the s… for Africa saw B… take l… areas of land
-B… become involved in several c… in Africa relating the its e… of empire
-imperial p… kept public e… very h…
-in the late 1870s several European nations started to claim land in Africa
-the scramble for Africa saw Britain take large areas of land
-Britain become involved in several conflicts in Africa relating the its expansion of empire
-imperial propaganda kept public enthusiasm very high
