The end of the British empire Flashcards
(11 cards)
The impact of the world wars on the British empire
-before … Britain was a rich i… power, afterwards Britain was in d…
-by ww.. Britain was completely b…
-during ww.. many countries were c… off from British s… so had to b… up their own i…, meaning they were no longer d… on …
-after the w… Britain was no longer the most p… empire
-before ww1 Britain was a rich industrial power, afterwards Britain was in debt
-by ww2 Britain was completely bankrupt
-during ww1 many countries were cut of from British supply so had to build up their own industries, meaning they were no longer dependent on Britain
-after the wars Britain was no longer the most powerful empire
Effect of countries demanding independence on the British empire
-many colonies were demanding i… by the end of ww..
-Britain no longer had the m… strength or the w… to hold onto these …
-many thought that r… Britain should be a p… over maintaining c… over other c…
-many colonies were demanding independence by the end of ww2
-Britain no longer had the military strength of the wealth to hold onto these colonies
-many thought that rebuilding Britain should be a priority over maintaining control over other colonies
Reasons for increasing demand for independence from the British empire
-many A… and Indians who fought for B… in the world w… felt they had fought to d… freedom, however they were not a… it, a… them
-due to increasing e…, W… ideas like d…, freedom and n… became more p…, so more and more c… wanted these things for their own c…
-people argued that c… ran by w… Christian leaders should have a h… chance of gaining i…
-many colonies wanted to r… their old t…, and believed the only way to do this was to e… British r…
-many Africans and Indians who fought for Britain in the world wars felt they had fought to defend freedom, however they were not allowed it, angering them
-due to increasing education, western ideas like democracy, freedom and nationalism became more prominent, so more and more colonies wanted these things for their own country
-people argued that colonies ran by white Christian leaders should have a higher chance of gaining independence
-many colonies wanted to revive their old traditions, and believed the only way to do this was to escape British rule
Independence for india
-India made a huge c… to w…
-the British G… controlled the m… of India
-the Indian i… movement gained more s… under the l… of G…
-the g… of India a… gave Indians the r… to control e… but the b…
-M… in India have formed their own i… group (the M… league) and wanted to s… from India
-Britain offered i… to India in 194.., but the Indian n… congress and the Muslim l… fought
—> Indian and B… leaders agreed to p… British India into … states, I…(Hindu) and Pakistan(M…)
-P… became independent in 194..
-I… became independent in 194..
-India made a huge contribution to ww1
-the British Gov controlled the majority of India
-the Indian independence movement gained more support under the leadership of Gandhi
-the government of India act gave Indians the right to control everything but the army
-Muslims in India have formed their own independence group (the Muslim league) and wanted to separate from India
-Britain offered independence to India in 1946, but the Indian national congress and the Muslim league fought
—> Indian and British leaders agreed to partition British India into 2 states, India(Hindu) and Pakistan(Muslim)
-Pakistan became independent in 1947
-India became independent in 1947
Gandhi
-a h…
-he led n…-violent p… against the B…
-a… by an e… Hindu who hated his tolerance of M…
-a Hindu
-he led non-violent protests against the British
-assassinated by an extremist Hindu who hated his tolerance of Muslims
Independence of the Gold Coast
-in the 19..s an independence c… started in west Africa, the n… congress of B… west A… asked for more c… over their own a…, this was r…
-in the 19..s there were large i… movements in several A… nations
-the Gold C… was one of the most s… and prosperous c… in the region so c… hard for f…
—>under the l… of Dr Kwame N…
-in 195.. Nkrumah won the e… and became prime m…
- in 195.. Nkrumah was re-e… so the British c… in and gave them i…
-in the 1920s an independence campaign started in west Africa, the national congress of British west Africa asked for more control over their own affairs, this was rejected
-in the 1940s there were large independence movements in several African nations
-the Gold Coast was one of the most stable and prosperous countries in the region so campaigned hard for freedom
—>under the leadership of Dr Kwame Nkrumah
-in 1951 Nkrumah won the election and became prime minister
- in 1956 Nkrumah was re-elected so the British caved in and gave them independence
Independence of Kenya
-in the 19..s several i… groups formed eg the Kenya A.. Union (K…) and its leader K… campaigned for i… and access to w…-owned l…
-another group, the M… Mau, violently r… colonial r…, in the 19..s the British f… them with their own v… campaign
-many K… independence l… were arrested and j…
-the M… Mau r… lasted over … years
-in 196.. Kenya gained its i… and K… was released from p… and became prime …
-in 201.. Britain a… for the way it handled the Mau … rebellion
-in the 1940s several independence groups formed eg the Kenya African Union (KAU) and its leader Kenyatta campaigned for independence and access to white-owned land
-another group, the Mau Mau, violently resisted colonial rule, in the 1950s the British fought them with their own violent campaign
-many Kenyan independence leaders were arrested and jailed
-the Mau Mau rebellion lasted over 8 years
-in 1963 Kenya gained its independence and Kenyatta was released from prison and became prime minister
-in 2013 Britain apologised for the way it handled the Mau Mau rebellion
Jomo Kenyatta
-was elected p… of the Kenya A… Union
-campaigned for i…
-was a… of being a member of the … Mau and was i…
-became K… prime m… in 196..
-later he became p…
-was elected president of the Kenya African Union
-campaigned for independence
-was accused of being a member of the Mau Mau and was imprisoned
-became Kenya’s prime minister in 1963
-later he became president
Summary of the end of the British empire
-by 191…, several of Britains c… were running their own a…
-by the end of W… many more British c… were demanding i…
-the s… crisis in E… showed that B… could no longer go to w… to protect t… and its empire if the rest of the world d…
-by 1914, several of Britains colonies were running their own affairs
-by the end of WW1 many more British colonies were demanding independence
-the suez crisis in Egypt showed that Britain could no longer go to war to protect trade and its empire if the rest of the world disapproved
What is the commonwealth
All former colonies of the British empire
What was the British nationality act and when was it passed
-it allowed all who lived within the British empire (the commonwealth) to have a British passport
-1948
