The Circulatory System Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the circulatory system?
A
TRANSPORTS, PROTECTS body from blood loss, and REGULATES TEMPERATURE.
2
Q
Where do blood vessels delivery systems begin and end in?
A
The heart
3
Q
Three MAJOR types of blood vessels
A
Arteries, veins and capillaries.
4
Q
Function of Arteries?
A
Circulates OXYGENATED blood to body tissues at high pressure away from the heart.
5
Q
What type of artery takes blood to the lungs?
A
Pulmonary arteries
6
Q
How many layers do arteries have?
A
3
7
Q
Inner layer of artery
A
Endothelium
8
Q
describe Middle layer of artery
A
thick layer of smooth muscle that can contract and regulate blood pressure.
9
Q
Outer layer of arteries
A
Connective tisssue with elastic tissue
10
Q
Why do walls of arteries need to be highly elastic?
A
To expand as blood goes through them.
11
Q
What is the passage of BLOOD called?
A
Lumen
12
Q
What artery is the largest artery in the body?
A
Aorta!
13
Q
Smaller arteries are called…
A
arterioles
14
Q
What do arterioles lead to and what is its abilities?
A
Have the ability to constrict and dilate to increase and decrease blood flow.
15
Q
Function of the capillaries
A
Supply cells with their requirements and take away waste products. Carries BOTH oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
16
Q
How many layers do capillaries have? and how thick?
A
1 layer and is one cell thick
17
Q
Smallest blood vessel
A
Capillaries
18
Q
What do capillaries join?
A
Arteries to venules
19
Q
Function of veins
A
Carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the capillary bed to the heart at a lower pressure.
20
Q
What VEINS carry blood to the lungs?
A
Pulmonary veins
21
Q
What holds 70% of our body’s blood?
A
Viens
22
Q
What do the thin walls of capillaries help with?
A
Easy diffusion of blood.
23
Q
What blood vessel is the only one that contains valves
A
Veins (V for VALVES)
24
Q
How blood vessels are connected
A
Arteries -> Arteries -> Capillaries -> Venules -> Veins -> Heart
25
Muscular organ that is cone shaped and is about the size of a fist.
The heart!
26
Where is the heart located
between the lungs bhind the sternum and is tilted toward the left size.
27
Three important function of the heart
PUMPS blood through the body, keeps oxygen rich blood SEPERATE from oxygen poor blood, and ensures that the blood flows in ONE DIRECTION via pathways or circuits.
28
How many chambers are there and what names.
There are two Atria, and two Ventricules...in total 4
29
Function of the Atria
Take blood from the body or lungs
30
Functions of ventricules
Receives blood from the atria and pump it out to either the body or the lungs
31
Where is the heart contained
Within the pericardium
32
What is the peridcardium
a thick membranous sac that secretes a small quantity of lubricating liquid.
33
What does Myo prefix mean
Muscle
34
What is the major component of the heart called
Myocardium
35
What does the myocardium consist of?
consists of cardiac muscle tissue
36
What is the inner surface of the heart lined with
Endocardium
37
What does the endocardium consist of
Connective tissue and endothelial tissue
38
The left and right side of the heart are seperated by a wall called...
the septum
39
Part of heart that direct flow of blood and prevents backflow.
Valves
40
valves that lay between the atria and ventricules
atrioventricular valves
41
What supports the the atrioventricular valves?
The chordae tendineae
42
What do chordeae tendineae do?
support valves and prevent them from inverting when the heart contracts. (Like those tent things)
43
What is the atrioventicular valve on the right called?
tricuspid valve (bc it has 3 cusps)
44
What is the atrioventicular valve on the left called?
Bicuspid valve (bc it has 2 cusps)
45
Scientific name for "Heartstrings"
Chordae tendineae
46
Where are the Semilunar valves located?
Between ventricles and vessels
47
what lies in between right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
48
what lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
Aortic semilunar valve
49
Coronary circulation
circulation of blood to heart muscle
50
what is the heart muscle called?
Myocardium
51
What do coronary arteries send?
Oxygen
52
Passage of blood through heart
-Right side receives from body (Oxygen poor)
-Right atrium, Tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries
-Lungs
-Left side receives from lungs (Oxygen rich)
-Left and right pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
-Body
53
what must blood pass through to go from right side to left side of heart?
Lungs
54
Right ventriles send blood to where?
Lungs
55
Left ventricles send blood through where?
body
56
Which side of the heart has strongest pump? And why?
Left side, because it pumps blood for the whole body
57
What are the two vascular pathways
The pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit.
58
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
circulates oxygen poor blood through the lungs
59
What does the systemic circuit do?
Serves the needs of the body tissues by transporting oxygen rich blood.
60
Where does the pulmonary circuit start and end?
RV to LA
61
Were does the systemic circuit start and end?
LV to RA
62
How is O2 And CO2 exchanged in the pulmonary circuit?
DIffucion between blood in the capillaries and the air in the alveoli of lungs.
63
How is Oxygeand nutrients transported?
Move into tissue cells and waste products move out of the tissue cells to venules and then veins. Oxygen poor blood is returned to heart
64
Hepatic portal system associated with?
THe liver
65
Where are capillaries found in G.I tract
Villi of small intestines and liver. They then join into venules and then hepatic portal veins
66
What is the hepatic portal vein
The vein that leaves the liver and enters the inferior vena cava.
67
What is each heartbeat referred to as?
Cardiac cycle
68
What contract when heart beats
Your atria
69
After contraction what happens to the chambers?
relax temporarily
70
When ventricles contract where is blood sent to from each ventricle?
Right-Pulmonary circuit
Left-systemic circuit
71
What is the word that defines heart chambers actively contracting?
Systole
72
What is the word that defines heart chambers in relaxed state?
Diastole
73
Lub sound means?
Closing of AV valves
74
Dub sound
closing of semilunar valves
75
How much times per minute does cardiac cycle occur?
60-80 times per minute
76
What does your intrinsic control of cardiac cycle contain?
Sinoatrial node and atroventricular node.
77
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
Upper portion of the right atrium
78
What is the sinoatrial node also referred to as?
Pace maker.
79
What is the role of the sinoatrial node?
initiates heart by sending excitatory impulses every 0.85 sec average. This causes atria to both contract and lets impulses continues to travel to the next node.
80
What does the impulses from SA node cause first?
Both atria to contract together
81
Where does the impulses travel to after SA node?
Atrioventricular node
82
Where is the atrioventricular node found?
lower qudrant of the right atrium.
83
Why is there a slight delay as impulse travels?
Allows atria to fully complete its contraction.
84
After the AV node sends an impulse where does it go?
Branches of nervous tissue called Bundle of His
85
Where is your Bundle of His located?
Septum
86
When impulse reaches ventricles where is the impulses sent?
Purkinjie fibres.
87
What do purkinjie fibres do?
Cause ventricles to contract simultaneuously.
88
What are the main components f the extrinsic control of cardia cycle?
Medulla Oblongata
89
Where is the medulla oblongata located?
On the brain stem, superior to the spinal cord
90
What does the medulla oblongata contain?
Cardiac. respiratory, vasomotor and digestive centers.
91
What does vasomotor mean?
Smooth muscle in vessels
92
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Establoshes the breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure.
93
What nervous syste does the medulla influence?
the autonomic nervous system.
94
What system is able to increase heart rate?
sympathic nervous system.
95
Explain the activity of sympathic nervous system.
Is always active at low levels to ensure a quick response
96
What system decreases heart rate?
Parasympathetic nervous system
97
Explain the activity of parasympathic nervous system
Occurs during a resting state.
98
What is the function of blood?
Same as circulatory system! (transport, protect and regulate)
99
What are your two main portions of blood?
Plasma and formed elements
100
What is plasma?
Liquid portion of tissue
101
What does plasma contain? Give an example.
It contains inorganic and organic substances suspended in H2O. Proteins is an example.
102
What can proteins aid in the blood?
Transport materials, aid blood clotting, fight pathogens and maintain blood volume.
103
What is the percentage of plasma contained in whole of blood.
55%
104
What percentage of plasma is contained with water?
91%
105
What are formed elements?
Are the cells that compose blood tissue
106
What is the percentage of formed elements are there in the whole of blood.
45%
107
What are the three types of formed elements?
Erythocytes, Leukocytes and thrombocytes.
108
What is another word for red blood cells?
Erythocytes
109
Where are all blood cells produced?
Bone marrow
110
Define anucleated
lacks nucleus
111
the surface area is larger on red blood cell will aids in....
increasing amount of hemoglobin of surface for O2 carrying capacity
112
What is the main mineral in hemoglobin?
Iron.
113
What is anemia caused by?
Low levels of iron aka low levels of red blood cells
114
What does hemoglobin bind to more readily?
Carbon monoxide
115
How many days to red blood cells last approx?
120 days
116
Another word for white blood cells
Leukocytes
117
Are leukocytes nucleated
Yes
118
What do leukocytes lack?
Hemoglobin
119
What is the main role of white blood cells?
Fight pathogens and provide future immunity
120
Name the two main types of white blood cells
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
121
Name three types of granulytes
Neutrophil, basophils and epsinophils.
122
name types of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes.
123
Other word for platelets.
Thrombocytes
124
what is the role of platelets.
Protects body from blood loss and maintains blood pressure
125
Who is the universal DONOR
O-
126
Who is the universal RECIPIENTS
AB+
127
Who can type A donate to?
A and AB
128
Is blood type (or Rh) is positive, what type of blood acn it receive?
Both negative and positive
129
If Rh is negative, what type of blood can it receive
Only negative
130
What component of the blood is a protein
Rh factor
131
If your blood contains protein, + or -
Positive
132
Who can B donate to?
B and AB
133
How many genes to you inherit from your father and mother
One gene from each of them
134
What do the genes you inherit from your parents code for?
Codes for instructions to make proteins called agglutinogens
135
Where are agglutinogens found?
Surface of red blood cells
136
What are agglutiongens also called?
Antigens
137
What identifies RBC as a specific type?
Antigens
138
What protects bodies from other blood types
Antibodies
139
What are anitbodies also reffered to as
Agglutinins
140
What type of antibody does blood type AB make
NONE
141
