The Circulatory System Flashcards
Which two blood vessels receive blood in the heart?
The superior (upper body) and inferior (lower body) vena cava
Where does new blood travel through in the heart?
Into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle, and then exits the heart via the pulmonary artery
After new blood exits the heart via the pulmonary artery, where does it go?
The lungs, where carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen.
After new blood cycles through the lungs, where does it go?
It travels through the pulmonary vein back to the heart, entering the left atrium and then the left ventricle, then exiting through the aorta
Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle via what?
The aorta
Stroke volume
The amount of blood which exits the left ventricle with each contraction of the heart
Higher for those in better aerobic condition, and since cardiac output remains the same, resting heart rate also decreases
Bradycardia
A resting heart rate of less than 60 bpm
Tachycardia
A resting heart rate above 100 bpm
What special feature do veins have?
One-way valves that prevent blood from going backwards
Once blood enters the aorta, where does it go?
- Arteries
- Arteriales
- Capillaries
- Veins
What is the function of the capillaries?
Diffuses oxygen from blood into working muscles
What happens when a person is in better aerobic condition?
More/higher:
1. Capillaries
2. Stroke volume
3. Mitochondria
4. Red blood cells (O2 in blood)
5. Aerobic enzymes
6. Nitric oxide (better blood flow)
7. Increased fill rate
8. Stronger left ventricle contraction
What helps the blood return to the heart?
- Movement
- Breathing
- Very little from left ventricle contraction
What are the four chambers of the heart called?
Left and right atrium and left and right ventricle
What happens to heart rate and blood pressure during aerobic vs anaerobic training
Aerobic - Heart rate increases, blood pressure decreases (nitric oxide)
Anaerobic - Heart rate and blood pressure both increase (due to tension), but after lifting and brief rest nitric oxide might reduce blood pressure
Fitt principle
Frequency - 2-7 days per week
Intensity - 50-100% VO2 max or heart rate reserve
Time - 20-60 mins
Type - Interval, LSD, Fartlek, pace tempo
Cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped per minute. Remains constant (although stroke volume and heart rate may vary)
How can you improve left ventricle strength and fill rate?
Both contribute to stoke volume
Strength of left ventricle - interval training or sprinting
Fill rate - LSD
Ejection fraction
The amount of blood that left the left ventricle and the amount that remains in the heart after a contraction
