The development gap

Question 1

What does the Human Development Index measure?

Answer 1

Number of years in education, life expectancy at birth, and GNI.

Question 2

What is development?

Answer 2

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology, and human welfare. Aims to improve lives.

Question 3

What is standard of living?

Answer 3

The degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.

Question 4

What is quality of life?

Answer 4

The degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.

Question 5

Name some HICs.

Answer 5

UK, Japan, and Italy.

Question 6

Name some LICs.

Answer 6

Yemen and Mali.

Question 7

Name the BRIC countries (all NEEs).

Answer 7

Brazil, Russia, India, China.

Question 8

Name the MINT countries (all NEEs).

Answer 8

Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey.

Question 9

What is GNI per head?

Answer 9

The total value of a country’s goods, services, and overseas investments divided by the number of people in the country.

Question 10

What is birth rate?

Answer 10

The number of live births per 1000 people per year.

Question 11

What is death rate?

Answer 11

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

Question 12

What is infant mortality?

Answer 12

Number of babies dying per 1000 live births.

Question 13

What is people per doctor?

Answer 13

The average number of people for each doctor.

Question 14

What does saving poor children lead to?

Answer 14

Population stability.

Question 15

How do you save poor children?

Answer 15

Put in place good healthcare to reduce infant mortality, educate women, and provide contraception.

Question 16

Give an example of stage 1 of the DTM.

Answer 16

Some tribal communities in the Amazon.

Question 17

Give an example of stage 2 of the DTM.

Answer 17

Afghanistan.

Question 18

Give an example of stage 3 of the DTM.

Answer 18

India, Kenya, Brazil, and Nigeria.

Question 19

Give an example of stage 4 of the DTM.

Answer 19

USA, France, UK.

Question 20

Give an example of stage 5 of the DTM.

Answer 20

Italy, Germany, Japan.

Question 21

What are some limitations of social and economic measures?

Answer 21

Data could be out of date or hard to collect, data may be unreliable, and may not take into account subsistence or informal economies.

Question 22

What is a historical factor of uneven development?

Answer 22

Colonialism e.g. Africa was divided up based on colonial powers so they could rule & exploit resources.

Question 23

What is a physical factor of uneven development?

Answer 23

Being landlocked - no immediate sea access for trade.

Question 24

What is another physical factor of uneven development?

Answer 24

Warm & humid climates - high temperature & heavy rainfall seasons create perfect breeding conditions for mosquitoes, leading to rapid spread of malaria.

Question 25

What is an economic factor of uneven development?

Answer 25

Unfair trade - uneven flow of trade as goods are manufactured in LICs or NEEs then exported to HICs.

Question 26

What are tariffs?

Answer 26

Taxes paid on imports e.g. imported salmon costs more than local.

Question 27

What is a quota?

Answer 27

Limit on imports e.g. setting a limit of 2000 Japanese salmon.

Question 28

What is a subsidy?

Answer 28

When the government pays for part of the production of a good e.g. government paying farmers money to produce corn.

Question 29

How much of the world's wealth is owned by the USA?

Answer 29

35%.

Question 30

Which countries are growing most rapidly?

Answer 30

China and India.

Question 31

What % of deaths in an LIC are children?

Answer 31

40%.

Question 32

What % of deaths in an HIC are children?

Answer 32

1%.

Question 33

What is the main cause of death in an HIC?

Answer 33

Chronic disease e.g. cancer, diabetes, dementia.

Question 34

What is the main cause of death in an LIC?

Answer 34

Infectious diseases e.g. HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea related diseases.

Question 35

What is a refugee?

Answer 35

A person forced to move from their country due to a Civil War, or natural disaster.

Question 36

What is an emigrant?

Answer 36

A person who moves out of a country.

Question 37

What is an economic migrant?

Answer 37

A person who voluntarily migrates into another country to seek a better life.

Question 38

What is an immigrant?

Answer 38

A person who moves into a country.

Question 39

What is a displaced person?

Answer 39

A person forced to move from their home, but stays in the country of origin.

Question 40

How many people were killed in the 2011 Syrian civil war?

Answer 40

470,000.

Question 41

What did Germany say in 2015 as a response to the Syrian refugee crisis?

Answer 41

It would process asylum claims for anyone who reached Germany.

Question 42

How many migrants entered Germany in 2015?

Answer 42

1.1 million.

Question 43

How many economic migrants have moved to the UK since 2004?

Answer 43

Over 1.5 million.

Question 44

How many of these migrants are Polish?

Answer 44

Two thirds.

Question 45

What is the unemployment rate in Poland?

Answer 45

Over 10%.

Question 46

What is brain drain?

Answer 46

When the most educated & skilled people in a country move out of the country or region for better opportunities.

Question 47

How do TNCs help poor countries develop?

Answer 47

Build factories, install roads, install internet cables, and provide jobs.

Question 48

What do TNCs take advantage of?

Answer 48

Cheap labour, cheap land, more 'freedom' to pollute, and tax incentives.

Question 49

What is a TNC?

Answer 49

A huge company that does business in several countries - many are richer than entire countries.

Question 50

What is the positive multiplier effect?

Answer 50

Putting money into something and it generates more and more money itself.

Question 51

Which TNC has opened in Botswana?

Answer 51

Harley Davidson.

Question 52

What are the advantages to being in a trading group?

Answer 52

Encourages trade between member countries, members are able to get higher prices for their goods.

Question 53

Besides the EU, what is another trading group?

Answer 53

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Question 54

When was ASEAN established?

Answer 54

August 8th, 1967.

Question 55

How many countries are part of ASEAN?

Answer 55

10.

Question 56

ASEAN covers an area of how much?

Answer 56

4.5 million km².

Question 57

What is short term aid?

Answer 57

Helps after an emergency to reduce loss of life e.g. food, shelter, water, medical attention.

Question 58

What is long term aid?

Answer 58

Aims to help countries develop sustainably e.g. education, energy, technology, investment.

Question 59

What is tied aid?

Answer 59

Aid given with certain conditions e.g. the recipient has to spend the aid money on the donor country's products.

Question 60

What is bilateral aid?

Answer 60

Aid from one country to another (often tied).

Question 61

What is multilateral aid?

Answer 61

Richer Governments give money to an international organisation such as the World Bank, which then redistributes the money as aid to poorer countries.

Question 62

What is voluntary aid?

Answer 62

Money donated by the general public in richer countries and distributed by organisations such as Oxfam.

Question 63

What are some advantages of Oxfam Goat Aid?

Answer 63

Goat manure is a natural fertiliser, meat, milk, sell them for money, fast reproduction, used to hot climate.

Question 64

What is intermediate technology?

Answer 64

Small-scale technology that's appropriate to their needs, knowledge, and circumstances.

Question 65

Where are the main tourist areas in Jamaica?

Answer 65

On the coast.

Question 66

In 2018, how much of Jamaica's GDP was from tourism?

Answer 66

30%.

Question 67

What is Jamaica's yearly income from tourism?

Answer 67

US$2 billion.

Question 68

How many people does tourism supply jobs for in Jamaica?

Answer 68

200,000.

Question 69

By 2024, what percentage will tourism contribute to Jamaica's GDP?

Answer 69

32%.

Question 70

What environmental problems come with tourism to Jamaica?

Answer 70

Footpath erosion, excessive waste, and harmful emissions.

Question 71

What can these problems also bring?

Answer 71

Benefits as conservation & landscaping projects provide job opportunities.

Question 72

What percent of the world's footballs are made in Sialkot, Pakistan?

Answer 72

85%.

Question 73

What is the tax on fair trade footballs?

Answer 73

20%.

Question 74

What gets provided to the workers at free trade footballs?

Answer 74

A nursery for their children.

Question 75

What percent of footballs sold are fair trade?

Answer 75

<1%.

Question 76

What is an advantage of fair trade?

Answer 76

Farmers receive a minimum guaranteed price.

Question 77

What is a disadvantage of fair trade?

Answer 77

Farmers can't receive certification unless they organise into larger cooperatives.

Question 78

What are the world's richest countries known as?

Answer 78

The 'G8'.

Question 79

What did the G8 decide at the meeting in 2005?

Answer 79

To cancel the debts of many of the HIPCs.

Question 80

What is an HIPC?

Answer 80

Highly Indebted Poor Country.

Question 81

What did these countries have to do to qualify for debt relief?

Answer 81

1. Demonstrate they could manage their own finances. 2. Show there was no corruption in their government. 3. Agree to spend the saved debt money on education, healthcare, and reducing poverty.

Question 82

What is debt relief?

Answer 82

Where some or all of a country's debt is cancelled.

Question 83

What is an example of a debt swap?

Answer 83

USA and Indonesia.

Question 84

When was the USA & Indonesia debt swap?

Answer 84

2009.

Question 85

Where is Indonesia ranked on the list of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide?

Answer 85

3rd.

Question 86

How much did Indonesia receive from the USA?

Answer 86

30 million US$.

Question 87

What was the condition of this debt swap?

Answer 87

Protect 13 areas of forest with the money they'd normally pay off the debt with.

Question 88

What was significant about this debt swap?

Answer 88

Largest ever debt swap.

Question 89

What is micro finance?

Answer 89

Micro finance is where people are loaned very small amounts of money to start local businesses in order to become self-sufficient.

Question 90

What is an example of a micro finance business?

Answer 90

Grameen Bank, Bangladesh.

Question 91

What does the Grameen Bank do?

Answer 91

They loan $200 to village women to buy a mobile phone - the phones help people to check prices before they go to the market.