The endocrine system

Question 1

What are the three types of receptors in our body? What do they do?

Answer 1

Chemoreceptors (detect chemicals), mechanoreceptors(detect movement), photoreceptors (detect light)

Question 2

True or false: sensory neuron cannot adapt themselves.

Answer 2

false they can.

Question 3

What are the three main section of the ear?

Answer 3

External ear, middle ear, inner ear.

Question 4

What does the exterior ear do?

Answer 4

collects sound waves.

Question 5

What consist the middle ear?

Answer 5

The eustachian tube, contains the three ossicles.

Question 6

What are the three ossicles?

Answer 6

The Malleus, The incus and the stapes.

Question 7

What causes deafness?

Answer 7

Damage to hair cells or cochlea, blockage of auditory message from external or middle ear.

Question 8

what are the three layers of the eyes?

Answer 8

Outer, middle, inner layer.

Question 9

What is the cornea?

Answer 9

Coat covering the iris, curved to focus light on retina.

Question 10

What is the sclera?

Answer 10

The white of the eyes, covers the eyeball for protection and to attach the muscles.

Question 11

what is the iris?

Answer 11

The colored disk, to regulate the size of the pupils.

Question 12

What does the retina do?

Answer 12

Contains photoreceptors for visual sensory neurons to send a message.

Question 13

What is the general function of the endocrine system?

Answer 13

communication and control. slower then nervous system but a longer effect.

Question 14

What does the endocrine glands do?

Answer 14

They secrete hormones into the blood.

Question 15

What are the two types of glands?

Answer 15

The endocrine and the exocrine.

Question 16

What does the exocrine glands do?

Answer 16

It secrete product into organ or on skin like sweat. (does not secrete hormone)

Question 17

What are the two major types of hormones?

Answer 17

The amino acid hormones, and the steroid hormones.

Question 18

What is a target cells?

Answer 18

A target cell as a specific receptor for a types of hormone binding (lock and keys)

Question 19

How can we explain side effect?

Answer 19

The more cells targeted by an hormone the more effect there are.

Question 20

What happen when there is too many hormones for the number of receptors

Answer 20

The number of receptors decrease and target cells become less sensitive to the hormone.

Question 21

What happen when there is too few hormones for the number of receptors

Answer 21

The number of receptors increase and target cells become more sensitive to the hormone.

Question 22

Which structure is considered the big boss?

Answer 22

The hypothalamus.

Question 23

With which other glands does the hypothalamus work closely with?

Answer 23

The pituitary gland.

Question 24

What kind of cells does the hypothalamus send to the pituitary gland?

Answer 24

Releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Question 25

What two specific hormones does the hypothalamus send to the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 25

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 26

What is the job of the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 26

Store oxytocin and ADH.

Question 27

Does the posterior pituitary gland produce hormone?

Answer 27

No it doesn't it's the laziest fuck to ever exist.

Question 28

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 28

Induce labor contraction at end of pregnancy, also sexual pleasure.

Question 29

What does antidiuretic hormone do?

Answer 29

It decrease the urine production in the kidneys, and increase water retention.

Question 30

What hormones control the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 30

The releasing and inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus.

Question 31

What are the main hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 31

human growth hormone, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin.

Question 32

What is the job of the human growth hormones?

Answer 32

Stimulate proteins synthesis, healing.

Question 33

How is the human growth hormones triggered?

Answer 33

With low blood glucose level.

Question 34

What does FSH and LH do?

Answer 34

They stimulate sperm and egg production.

Question 35

What does TSH do?

Answer 35

stimulate the thyroid to produce T3 and T4 hormones.

Question 36

what does the ACTH do?

Answer 36

Stress response and BP.

Question 37

What does prolactin do?

Answer 37

Production of milk from the mammary gland.

Question 38

What is the three hormones secreted by the thyroids?

Answer 38

T3, T4, and calcitonin.

Question 39

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 39

Decrease the blood calcium level, decrease the number and action of osteoclasts.

Question 40

What stimulate the thyroid?

Answer 40

TSH

Question 41

What is the job of T3 and T4?

Answer 41

Maintenance of the body temperature, stimulate growth.

Question 42

What atoms does T3 and T4 contains?

Answer 42

Iodine.

Question 43

What can a goiter be associated to?

Answer 43

Hypo and hyperthyroidism.

Question 44

What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 44

Bradycardia, weight gain, intolerance to cold.

Question 45

What is myxedema?

Answer 45

A severe hypothyroidism which can cause cognitive issue.

Question 46

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 46

A low level of T3 and T4

Question 47

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 47

A high level of T3 and T4

Question 48

What are some signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 48

Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, difficulty sleeping.

Question 49

What is Grave's disease?

Answer 49

An autoimmune disease that mimics TSH and constantly stimulate the thyroids.

Question 50

What are the parathyroid glands?

Answer 50

Four small gland on the thyroid, that produce PTH.

Question 51

What does PTH do?

Answer 51

Increase osteoclast number and action, slow calcium and magnesium loss from urine.

Question 52

What are the adrenal gland?

Answer 52

Two glands on top of the kidneys

Question 53

What are the two region of the adrenal glands?

Answer 53

The adrenal cortex (outside layer) and the adrenal medulla (inner layer)

Question 54

What is the adrenal cortex's job?

Answer 54

Secrete different steroid hormones.

Question 55

What are the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 55

Aldosterone, cortisol.

Question 56

What does cortisol do?

Answer 56

The sleep-wake cycle, and control stress.

Question 57

What are the alpha cells and beta cells secreted by the pancreas?

Answer 57

Alpha is glucagon and beta is insulin.

Question 58

Where are the cells produce in the pancreas?

Answer 58

In the islet of Langerhans.

Question 59

What are some signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 59

Polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss.

Question 60

What is ketoacidosis?

Answer 60

when cells begin to starve for glucose it goes through the reserve of fats and fat create ketone which is acidic.

Question 61

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 61

Melatonin