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Anatomy > The eye > Flashcards

The eye Flashcards

1
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Watery liquid inside the posterior chamber of the eye that helps maintain pressure and shape.

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2
Q

Choroid

A

Layer behind retina that contains blood vessels, provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

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3
Q

ora serrata

A

the serrated boundary between the ciliary muscle and the retina

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4
Q

ciliary muscle

A

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near-vision capability

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5
Q

ciliary zonules

A

suspensory ligaments that holds the lens in place. Ciliary muscle controls the tension of ciliary suspensory ligaments

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6
Q

canal of Schlemm

A

a circular canal in the eye that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into the anterior ciliary veins

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7
Q

cornea

A

transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
-has no blood vessels, gets O2 from air and aqueous humour behind it

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8
Q

ciliary process

A

epithelia tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secretes aq. humor

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9
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

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10
Q

inferior oblique muscle

A

elevates eye and turns it laterally and is controlled by the oculomotor nerve

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11
Q

inferior rectus muscle

A

the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and medially. controlled by the oculomotor nerve

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12
Q

medial rectus muscle

A

the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball medially. controlled by the oculomotor nerve(III)

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13
Q

lateral rectus muscle

A

moves eye laterally. controlled by the abducens(VI) nerve

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14
Q

superior oblique

A

Depresses eye and turns it laterally. controlled by the trochlear(IV) nerve
-passes through the ligamentous pulley at roof of orbit (the trochlea)

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15
Q

superior rectus

A

elevates eye and turns it medially. controlled by the oculomotor nerve

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16
Q

central retinal artery

A

ocular artery that supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve

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17
Q

central retinal vein

A

short ocular vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye

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18
Q

sclera

A

whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball; white of the eye

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19
Q

optic chiasm

A

junction in the brain where some of the fibers of the optic nerve cross over and others do not

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20
Q

orbit

A

bony cavity in the skull which houses the eyeball

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21
Q

lateral geniculate body

A

location where optic radiation occurs; relay center for info received from the retina; located in the thalamus

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22
Q

How would you define an extrinsic muscle of the eye?

A

Attaches to the sclera and moves the eyeball

23
Q

What gland produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

24
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Defect in cornea or lens that causes an uneven bending of the light rays in that area of the eye

25
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Superior and lateral to eyeball in frontal bone

-secretes tears

26
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Delivers tears to nasal cavity

27
Q

Optic nerve

A

the cranial nerve that serves the retina;
-carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
-CN II
passes through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone

28
Q

Eyelids

A

consist of five tissue layers, protect the eyes from foreign objects (eyelashes help), help lubricate the eyes by spreading tears over their surface, lubricating glands associated with the eyelids; meibomian glands and sebaceous glands, ciliary glands lie btw the hair follicles

29
Q

Sphincter pupillae

A

close vision and bright light: pupils constrict

30
Q

Dilator pupillae

A

distant vision and dim light: pupils dilate

31
Q

Aqeous humor

A

fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, supports, nourishes, and removes wastes for the cornea, which has no blood vessels, produced by the ciliary processes as a blood filtrate, returned to the circulation through the sclera venous sinus(watery)

32
Q

Vitreous humor

A

fills the vitreous chamber, contributes to intraocular pressure, helps maintain the shape of the eyeball, holds the lens and retina in place, functions in the refraction of light in the eye(gel)

33
Q

What Responsible for the most of the gross refraction of light

A

cornea

34
Q

fine adjustments to refraction are accomplished by changing the shape of the

A

lens

35
Q

Normal resting condition of the lens

A

relaxation of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to flatten, producing the emmetropic eye

36
Q
  1. Accommodation by the lens*
A

contraction of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to become more spherical, change in the lens shape enables the eye to focus on objects that are less than 20 ft. away
-controlled by the parasympathetic fibers that signal the ciliary muscle to contract.

37
Q
  1. Constriction of the pupil*
A

increases the depth of the focus

38
Q

Structure and function of Retina

A

Pigmented layer of the retina provides a black backdrop for increasing visual acuity, Rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells, bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells, which form optic nerve

39
Q

Extrinsic Eyeball Muscles consists of:

A

4 rectus muscles (originate from the common tendinous ring, or anular ring); superior, inferione, lateral, and medial. 2 oblique muscles; superior and inferior

40
Q

Myopia

A

Near-sightedness—concave lens

41
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far-sightedness—-convex lens

42
Q

Visual Signaling Pathway

A
  1. AP from ganglion cells (optic nerve) 2. partial crossing at optic chiasma 3. projection as optic tract 4. most synapse on LGH in thalamus 5. project to primary visual cortex of occipital lobe
43
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

Small ducts in medial angle of eyes that collect excess tears

44
Q

what muscle elevates the upper eyelid (skeletal muscle that voluntarily opens the eye) and what nerve innervates this muscle

A

the levator palpebrae superioris muscle which is innervated by the oculomotor nerve

45
Q

how does the oculomotor nerve, the abducens(VI) nerve and the trochlear nerve(IV) enter the orbit

A

passes through the superior orbital fissure

46
Q

tarsal glands

A

also called the meibomian gland, is inside the tarsal plate, responsible for the supply of meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye’s tear film.

47
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

The part of the conjunctiva, a clear membrane, that coats the inside of the eyelids. The palpebral conjunctiva is as opposed to the ocular (or bulbar) conjunctiva, the part of the conjunctiva that covers the outer surface of the eye.

48
Q

eye-closing muscle

A

the orbicularis oculi

49
Q

tarsal plate

A
  • > These stiff plates give the eyelids their curved shape

- >serve as attachment sites for the eye-closing muscle, the orbicularis oculi

50
Q

Lacrimal fluid contains what and why?

A

mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys bacteria. When the eye surface is irritated by dust or fumes (from an onion, for example), lacrimal secretion increases to wash away the irritant.

51
Q

what is strabismus and how does it happen

A

misalignment of the eyes, “cross-eyed”
->Strabismus results from weakness or paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles caused by damage to the nerves that innervate them or other problems.

52
Q

The vascular layer

A

the middle coat of the eyeball, has three parts: the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris

53
Q

The iris contains both circularly arranged and radiating smooth muscle fibers to control the pupil opening: what are they?

A

sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles

Anatomy (10 decks)

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