The Haplorrhini Flashcards
(27 cards)
What infraorder are included in Haplorrhini?
- tarsiiformes
- platyrrhini
- catarrhini
How many genus are in tarsiidae
Tarsius (Eastern tarsier) 9 species
Carlito (Philippine tarsier) 1 species
Cephalopachus (Western tarsier) 1 species
What are the main features of tarsiidae?
- indo malaysian region
- noctornal
- insectivourous hunting animal prey
How do tarsiers differ from strepsirrhines?
► No rhinarium (dry nose) ► No tapetum (despite being nocturnal) ► No dental comb ► No postorbital bar (postorbital closure) ► But an unfused mandibular symphysis
What is the main difference between platyrrhini and catarrhini?
- platyrrhini: flat, side facing nostrils
- catarrhini: downward facing nostrils
What do platyrrhini and catarrhini include?
platyrrhini: new world monkeys
catarrhini: old world monkeys, apes, humans
Which of the following are Haplorrhine traits?
- nocturnal
- diurnal
- reduced olfactory reliance
- reduced sense of smell: enhanced vision and flat face
- dry nose
- mobile upper lip
- small immobile ears
► Tarsiers, Monkeys, Apes (including Humans)
► All diurnal (except - Owl monkeys & tarsiers)
► Reduced olfactory reliance than strepsirrhines
► Reduced sense of smell & hearing
► Enhanced vision
► Flatter faces
► Dry noses (no rhinarium)
► Mobile upper lip (more expressive faces)
► Smaller immobile ears (except tarsiers)
Where are new world monkeys found?
► Found in the “New world” also known as the Americas
► New World Monkeys also called Neotropical monkeys
► Found in Mexico, Central & South America
What are the 5 main traits of platyrrhines?
Flat nose with rounded nostrils pointing to the side Highly arboreal Less sexually dimorphic on average 2:1:3:3 dental formula* Polymorphic color vision*
What are the social features of Cebidae (i.e squirrel monkeys and capuchins)?
Squirrel monkeys large groups (15-75 individuals)
Capuchins smaller groups (10-27 individuals)
What are cebidae diets?
Frugivores
Squirrel Monkeys become insectivores in fruit shortages, capuchins folivorous in fruit
shortages
What are the main characteristics of cebidae?
Small-medium sized haplorrhines (60 – 110 cm) Oval head in squirrel monkeys Round head in capuchins Relatively large brain Large ears Hindlimbs longer than forelimbs Long tail Semi-prehensile tail in capuchins
Where are the main characteristics of Callitrichidae?
Frugivores-insectivores (some gummivores - ) Arboreal quadrupeds but claws allow vertical-clinging & leaping locomotion Social groups of up to 20 individuals Only pygmy marmoset lives in groups of 2-9 individuals
What are the main morphology of callitrichidae?
Small monkeys (30 – 70 cm) Short snout Large ears Colourful tufts, moustaches, fringes, manes Relatively long trunk Long limbs Claws on digits except big toe Long, prehensile tail
What are the main characteristics of aotidae?
Only nocturnal haplorrhine Mostly cathemeral but fully-nocturnal during full moon Frugivores Social organisation: Monogamous Group size of 2-6 individuals
WHat are the main morphology of aotidae?
Small-medium sized monkeys (60 – 90
cm) Small, rounded heads Large, globose eyes Very small ears White fur on muzzle and above
eyes Distinct black stripes on head Long tail
What are the dietary and social patterns of Pitheciidae?
Frugivorous Titis eat fleshy fruit, Sakais & Uakaris consume tough, woody seeds Titis live in a nuclear family (breeding pair) with male dispersal Sakis live in small family group (up to 12 individuals), bisexual dispersal Uakaris live in multimale-multifemale groups (20-100 individuals)
What size, tail, dentition and limb features do pitheciddae have?
Medium sized monkeys (70 – 100 cm) Short canines (Titi monkey) Robust anterior dentition with large
splayed canines (Uakari) Longer hindlimbs than forelimbs Long, soft fur Long, tapering bushy tail (longer
than body) Short, bushy tail (Uakaris)
What are the dietary and social patterns of atelidae?
Howlers & Muriquis are mostly folivores Woolly and Spider Monkeys are mostly frugivores Howlers live in cohesive multimale-multifemale groups (5-10 individuals) Howlers use deafening ‘howls’ in male-male competition Spider Monkeys fission-fusion society, groups subdivide with food abundance (20 individuals) Woolly monkeys multimale-multifemale groups (50 individuals) Muriquis female dispersal, large groups (45 individuals)
What size, tail, shoulder/voice box and limb features do atelidae have?
Medium-large sized monkeys (80 –
106 cm) Long limbs or short, robust limbs Dense woolly, or long coarse fur Enlarged voice-box in howlers,
head set on hunched shoulders Long, strong prehensile tail
What are the main traits of catarrhine?
Downward facing, tear-drop shaped nostrils, close
together
Arboreal and more terrestrial taxa
On average, largest primates
On average, most sexually dimorphic taxonomic group
2:1:2:3 dental formula
All trichromatic
What is the morphology of Cercopithecidae?
Medium-large sized monkeys (90 –
180 cm) Narrow nasal opening Dagger-like canines, molars with 2
ridges Long trunk Ischial callosities Long tail in some, short or absent
in others Males mostly larger than females
What are the diets, social patterns and acitivty of Cercopithecinae?
Predominantly frugivores Papioni tribe are robust, terrestrial quadrupeds with short or long tails Cercopithecini tribe are smaller, mostly arboreal with long tails Baboons are omnivores; Mandrills eat fruit, seeds, tubers, leaves; Mangabeys
eat fruit; Gelada eats mostly grasses (hindgut fermentation) All diurnal Baboons multimale-multifemale groups (up to 60 individuals) Mandrills, Patas Monkeys, some Cercopithecus species have bisexual dispersal.
What are the activity patterns, location and features of colobinae?
Leaf-eating monkeys, 9 genera and 78 species All mostly arboreal Colobini tribe inhabit mainland Africa. Slender body with a long tail. Presbytini tribe inhabit mainland and island Asia. Long slender limbs with
long tails. “Odd nosed” monkeys have unusual noses, robust bodies and
limbs of equal length All species are diurnal
