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Anatomy 3001 > The heart internal structure and surface anatomy > Flashcards

The heart internal structure and surface anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pressure inside the pulmonary circulation?

A

12 - 16 mmHg

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2
Q

What shape is the heart described as having?

A

A pyramid that has fallen on one side

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3
Q

What does the sternocostal surface include?

A
  • Anterior
  • Right ventricle
  • Right atrium
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4
Q

What does the diaphragmatic surface include?

A
  • Inferior
  • Left ventricle
  • Right ventricle (slightly)
  • Seperated from base of the heart by coronary sinus
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5
Q

What does the Right pulmonary surface include?

A
  • Right atrium
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6
Q

What does the Left pulmonary surface include?

A
  • Left ventricle (cardiac impression in the left lung)
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7
Q

What does the base of the heart compose of?

A
  • Primarily left atrium and pulmonary veins

- Small portion of right atrium

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8
Q

Where is the base of the heart located in the body?

A
  • Fixed posteriorly to the pericardium, at the level of the T6(5) - T9(8) vertebrae
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9
Q

Where does the apex of the heart lie in children? What is the difference between the location of the apex in children and adults?

A

The heart is more superior and lateral

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10
Q

Where does the apex of the heart lie?

A

Left 5th intercostal space and 8 - 10 cm left of midline

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11
Q

What does the right margin of the heart include?

A

Right atrium

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12
Q

What does the left margin of the heart include?

A

The left ventricle and left auricle

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13
Q

What does the inferior margin of the heart include?

A

Right ventricle and left ventricle

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14
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis located?

A

On the right side of the IA septum

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15
Q

What is the fossa ovalis a remenant of?

A

The foramen ovale

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16
Q

Where is the opening of the SVC located on the body?

A

Deep to the joint between right 3rd costal cartilage and sternum

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17
Q

What vessels which lead into the right atrium contain valves?

A

The IVC and the coronary sinus

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18
Q

What percentage of venous blood from the heart enters the right atrium through the coronary sinus?

A

60%

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19
Q

What is the function of the pectinate muscles?

A

To provide contractile force without making the wall of the atrium thick

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20
Q

What is the name of the muscle formed within the right auricle?

A

Pectinate muscle (makes a rough surface)

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21
Q

What is the outflow tract where the pulmonary trunk arises called?

A

The infundibulum (conus arteriosus)

22
Q

What are the numerous irregular muscular ridges called on the walls of the RV?

A

Trabeculae carneae

23
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles on the right ventricle wall?

A
  • Trabeculae carneae
  • Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
  • Papillary muscles
24
Q

What does the septomarginal trabecula bridge?

A

The IV septum and the anterior papillary muscle. Also carries right bundle branch of AV bundle of cardiac conduction system.

25
Q

In what chamber of the heart can you find the septomarginal trabecula?

A

Right ventricle wall

26
Q

How many papillary muscles are ther usually on the right ventricle?

A

3

27
Q

When do the chorda tendinae contract?

A

Before ventricular contraction

28
Q

What are the 3 cusps of the tricuspid valve called?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Septal
29
Q

In what direction does blood flow through the tricuspid valve?

A

Forwards and medially

30
Q

What is the base of each cusp attached to?

A

Right fibrous ring (anulus fibrosus)

31
Q

What are the three pulmonary cusps called?

A
  • Anterior
  • Right
  • Left
32
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary sinus?

A

Helps closure of the pulmonary valves after systole

33
Q

What are the cusps of the mitral valve called?

A

Posterior and anterior

34
Q

What is the depressed area of the Interatrial septum called?

A

Falx septi

35
Q

The falx septi is a result of the fusion of what?

A

The foramen ovale

36
Q

What are the muscular ridges on the left ventricle called?

A

Trabecula carnea

37
Q

What is the thickness of the thickest wall of the left ventricle?

A

8 - 12 mm

38
Q

How many papillary muscles are there usually on the left ventricle?

A

2 (anterior and posterior)

39
Q

How many fibrous rings are around the heart?

A

4 (around AV, aortic and pulmobary valves)

40
Q

What are the fibrous structures called that are between the 4 rings?

A

The two trigones

41
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A
  • Points of attachment for the cusps
  • Maintains the patency and integrity of AV and semilunar orifices
  • Serves as origin/insertion for atrial and ventricular masses
  • Insulates atria from ventricles (keeps normal contractile flow)
42
Q

What are the layers of the heart called?

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
43
Q

Where can the 4 corners of the heart be found?

A
  • Right 3rd and right 6th costal cartilage (2cm right of midline)
  • Left 5th costal cartilage 7-9 cm left of midline (apex)
  • Left 2nd costal cartilage (3cm left of midline)
44
Q

Where is the surface projection of the mitral valve located?

A

Posterior to the articulation between the left 4th costal cartilage and the sternum

45
Q

Where is the surface projection of the tricuspid valve located?

A

Behind the right half of the sternum, at the level of the 4th intercostal space

46
Q

Where is the surface projection of the pulmonary valve located?

A

Posterior to the articulation between left 3rd costal cartilage and the sternum

47
Q

Where is the surface projection of the aortic valve located?

A

Posterior to the sternum, at the 3rd intercostal space on the right

48
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve (HS1) heard?

A

To the left of the lower part of the sternum near the 5th intercostal space

49
Q

Where is the mitral valve (HS1) heard?

A

The apex of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line (apex cordis)

50
Q

What is the outfow tract of the aorta called?

A

The aortic vestibule

Anatomy 3001 (14 decks)

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