Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 3001 > Trachea, Bronnchial Tree and Lungs > Flashcards

Trachea, Bronnchial Tree and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size of the trachea?

A
  • 10-11 cm long

- Average 2, 5 cm wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the trachea start and end?

A
  • Starts at C6

- Ends at T4/5 at carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the cartilages of the trachea?

A

C-shaped hyaline cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the cartilages do?

A

They keep the lumen apart - stop the trachea from closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What muscle alters tracheal diameter (only slightly)?

A

The trachealis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What end of the trachea contains the trachealis muscle?

A

Posterior side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What muscles is the trachea related to?

A
  • Sternohyoid

- Sternothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

A part of the thyroid gland that bridges the right and left lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve lie between in the neck?

A

In the groove between the trachea and oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the trachea divide into?

A

The two main/principle bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the differences between right and left main bronchi?

A
  • Right main bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What principle bronchi is a foreign body more likely to fall into?

A

The right principle bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What lung has 3 lobur bronchi?

A

The right lung (as it has 3 lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe how the trachea divides all the way into alveoli?

A
  • Trachea
  • Main bronchi
  • Lobar (secondary) bronchi
  • Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
  • Subsegmental bronchi
  • Conducting bronchiole
  • Terminal bronchiole (conducting system)
  • Respiratory bronchiole (respiratory system)
  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveolar sac
  • Alveolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the greatest resistance to air flow in the conducting passages?

A

The bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many alveolar ducts are each respiratory bronchioles connected to?

A

2 - 11 alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

`What are the three surfaces of the lungs?

A
  • Costal
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three margins of the lung?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the differences in shape between the left and right lung?

A
  • Left lung has the cardiac notch

- Right lung is shorter but wider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What fissure is present on both lungs?

A

The oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the horizontal fissure divide?

A

The upper and middle lobes of the right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lung impressions

A

LEARN

23
Q

What does the root of the lung contain?

A
  • A pulmonary artery
  • Two pulmonary veins
  • A main bronchus
  • Bronchial vessels
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatics
24
Q

What arteries bring oxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Bronchial arteries

25
Q

What lies posterior in the lung hilum?

A

The bronchi

26
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A
  • It allows some movement for the lungs
  • Part of the pleura
  • Not a true ligament but rather the reflection of the mediastinal parietal pleura
  • Lies below the lung root on each side
27
Q

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

A
  • Smallest functionally and structurally independant unit
  • Section of lung with its own branch of pulmonary artery, nerves and segmental (tertiary) bronchus
  • Pyramid shaped, with their apices directed towwards the hilum
  • Seperated by connective tissue
  • No anastomosis between neighbouring segments
  • Easier for surgical excision and makes spread of disease hard
28
Q

Where are tributaries of the pulmonary veins and lymphatics usually present?

A

The inter-segmental septum (between bronchopulmonary segments)

29
Q

What part of the left superior lobe touches the diaphragm?

A

The lingula

30
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?

A

20 (10 on both sides)

some of them may be fused in the left lung

31
Q

Where are the bronchopulmonary segments located on the left lung?

A

Each lobe has 5 segments

32
Q

Where are the bronchopulmonary segments located on the right lung?

A
  • Inferior lobe has 5 segments
  • Superior 3 segments
  • Middle 2 segments
33
Q

What does a distortion of the carina mean?

A

Enlargement of lymph node or tumour

34
Q

What segment is prone to pneumonia?

A
  • Apical segment of lower lobe.

- Its tertiary bronchus drops off the bronchial tree posteriorly

35
Q

What does the right bronchial artery branch off from?

A

3rd posterior intercostal artery or superior posterior intercostal artery

36
Q

What do the 2 left bronchial arteries branch off from?

A

The aorta

37
Q

Where may the bronchial arteries anastamose with the pulmonary arteries?

A

The walls of the bronchioles

38
Q

How is venous blood from the lung tissue drained?

A

Drained by bronchial veins into azygos system or by the pulmonary veins

39
Q

What lymph plexuses drain into the pulmonary node?

A
  • Deep lymphatic plexus (running alongside the arteries and the dividing bronchial tree)
  • Superficial (sub-pleural) lymphatic plexus
40
Q

Where are the pulmonary nodes located?

A

The hilum

41
Q

What does the left bronchomediastinal trunk drain into

A

The thoracic duct

42
Q

Where are the pulmonary plexuses located?

A

The main bronchi wt the root of the lung

43
Q

Where do parasympathetic fibres synapse?

A

In the plexuses

44
Q

What effect do the parasympethetic fibres have on the lung?

A
  • Bronchoconstrict
  • VAsodilate
  • Secretomotor effects
45
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres to lung synapse?

A

The sympathetic trunk

46
Q

What happens if a tumour impinges on the sympathetic trunk?

A

Horner’s syndrome

47
Q

what happens if a tumour impinges upon the aorticopulmonary window?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury -> hoarsness of the voice

48
Q

Why would you need to performa tracheostomy?

A
  • Laryngeal obstruction (diptheria, tumours, inhaled foreign bodies)
  • Evacuation of excessive secretions (severe postoperative chest infection in a patient who is too weak to cough adequately)
  • For long-lasting artificial respiration (poliomyelitis, severe chest injuries)
49
Q

What direction is the incision in a tracheostomy and why?

A

Vertical and to avoid anterior jugular veins

50
Q

What can the disadvantage of a vertical incision be?

A

Langer’s lines

51
Q

Where is a transverse incision in a tracheostomy made?

A

Halfway between the cricoid and suprasternal notch

52
Q

Where is a needle inserted when relieving pneumothorax

A

At the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space at the midclavicular line

53
Q

Where is a catheter inserted in pneumothorax?

A

4th or 5th intercostal space at the midaxillary line

Anatomy 3001 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions