The Nervous System

Question 1

Which part of the brain controls behavior, vision, emotion, learning, and logic?

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Question 2

Which part of the brain controls mental status and body function (BP, RR)?

Answer 2

Brainstem

Question 3

Which part of the brain controls balance and proprioception?

Answer 3

Vestibular system

Question 4

Which part of the brain controls coordination and balance?

Answer 4

Cerebellum

Question 5

Which part of the CNS controls neurotransport and reflexes?

Answer 5

Spinal cord

Question 6

2 parts of the nervous system

Answer 6

Central and Peripheral

Question 7

Periodic, rhythmic, involuntary movement of both eyes in unison
Slow in one direction, quick return

Answer 7

Nystagmus

Question 8

5 cranial nerve tests

Answer 8

1. PLR
2. Menace
3. Corneal reflex
4. Gag reflex
5. Oculo-vestibular

Question 9

Tests peripheral nerves and pathways in the spinal cord

Answer 9

Reflexes

Question 10

Not a diagnosis but a symptom of abnormal brain activity or other disease

Answer 10

Seizures

Question 11

3 stages of a seizure

Answer 11

1. pre-ictal
2. ictal
3. post ictal

Question 12

Period before a seizure that may be unnoticed or animal may become needy or hide

Answer 12

Pre-ictal

Question 13

Period of the seizure activity

Answer 13

Ictal

Question 14

Period of a seizure where the animal is exhausted, has an increased temperature, and needs supportive care

Answer 14

Post-ictal

Question 15

Primary epilepsy where animal has multiple seizures throughout their life
1-3 years of age

Answer 15

Idiopathic epilepsy

Question 16

2 Anticonvulsant drugs prescribed for long term seizure Tx

Answer 16

Phenobarbitol and Potassium bromide

Question 17

An emergency drug used to stop seizure activity

Answer 17

Diazepam (valium)

Question 18

Seizures caused by hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, infx dz, lead poisoning, brain tumors, etc

Answer 18

Secondary epilepsy

Question 19

Emergency situation that can result in coma or death
Repeated clusters of seizures or seizure episode lasting 5-10 mins
Poor prognosis

Answer 19

Status Epilepticus

Question 20

More than 1 seizure in 24 hrs or occurs back to back

Generally a poor prognosis

Answer 20

Cluster Seizures

Question 21

How long does it take for anticonvulsants to take full effect?

Answer 21

7-10 days

Question 22

How do you monitor blood levels of anticonvulsants?

Answer 22

bloodwork

Question 23

What drug should you NEVER give an epileptic pt?

Answer 23

Acepromazine

Question 24

What 2 dzs could caught encephalitis?

Answer 24

Rabies and Distemper

Question 25

Viral dz that's highly contagious and is rare because there is an effective vax Highly contagious

Answer 25

Distemper

Question 26

A congenital dz associated with a virus when kittens are exposed in utero C/S is uncoordinated movement Tx is supportive care

Answer 26

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 27

What virus causes cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 27

Feline Panleukopenia

Question 28

Rare but seen in small, brachycephalic dogs Fluid accumulation around the brain C/S: lack of training, excess sleepiness, vocalization, blindness and seizures Tx: Diuretics or drain the fluid

Answer 28

Hydrocephalus

Question 29

A plug in a vessel that obstructs circulation that results in infarct tissue C/S depend on location

Answer 29

Embolus

Question 30

Acute nonprogressive disturbance of vestibular system Can be idiopathic or related to otitis C/S: off balance, head tilt, circling, ataxia, nystagmus, falling, rolling Tx: supportive care but may recur

Answer 30

Vestibular dz

Question 31

Most common brain tumor in dogs and cats

Answer 31

Meningioma

Question 32

Occurs in older animals where animal is senile and shows signs of dementia CS: disorientation, altered interactions with humans/animals, alterations in sleep-wake cycles, loss of housetraining, decreased activity

Answer 32

Cognitive dysfunction

Question 33

What drug is prescribed to treat Cognitive dysfunction?

Answer 33

Anipryl | Selegiline

Question 34

2 types of IVDD

Answer 34

1. Acute (Type 1) | 2. Chronic (Type 2)

Question 35

Most common spinal cord dz

Answer 35

IVDD

Question 36

What type of IVDD is more common in younger dogs?

Answer 36

Type 1

Question 37

What type of IVDD is more common in older dogs?

Answer 37

Type 2

Question 38

What gives a definitive diagnosis of IVDD?

Answer 38

Myelogram

Question 39

What surgery is sometimes done to help IVDD?

Answer 39

Laminectomy

Question 40

Best meds for pts with IVDD

Answer 40

Steroids or NSAIDS

Question 41

How long should IVDD pts rest?

Answer 41

min. of 2 weeks

Question 42

Malformation or misarticulation puts pressure on spinal cord AKA: Wobbler's C/S: Progressive ataxia that starts at hind limbs Tx: Steroids, decompression and stabilization, and cervical arthroplasty

Answer 42

Cervical spongylomyelopathy

Question 43

What 2 large breeds of dogs are predisposed to Wobbler's

Answer 43

Dobies and Danes

Question 44

C/S are similar to IVDD and other neurological dzs Not common but shouldn't be disregarded Tx: Sx, chemo, radiation

Answer 44

Spinal tumors

Question 45

Infection of the vertebrae that is bacterial or fungal C/S: pain, wt loss, depression, fever, exercise intolerance Dx: Culture Poor prognosis Tx: long term Abx and pain control

Answer 45

Discospondylitis

Question 46

What bacteria is known to cause Discospondylitis?

Answer 46

Brucella

Question 47

Partial (unilateral) or complete (bilateral) loss of hearing that causes lack of response to auditory stimuli

Answer 47

Deafness

Question 48

Peripheral nerve dz that is reported with dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus, dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, and hypothyroid dogs CS are variable from weakness to muscle atrophy

Answer 48

Metabolic Neuropathy

Question 49

Peripheral nerve dz that can be hereditary, acquired, and idiopathic in dogs and cats Laryngoscopy will help with dx CS: respiratory distress and voice change

Answer 49

Laryngeal paralysis

Question 50

Peripheral nerve dz that CS include: regurgitation, respiratory signs, and lack of growth or wt. loss

Answer 50

Megaesophagus

Question 51

Peripheral nerve dz caused by exposure to tick bites/saliva | Tx: removing ticks and supportive care

Answer 51

Tick paralysis

Question 52

Peripheral nerve dz acquired from a raccoon bite that causes ascending, flaccid paralysis

Answer 52

Coonhound Paralysis (CHP)

Question 53

CHP is aka

Answer 53

Polyradiculoneuritis

Question 54

Peripheral nerve dz that can be idopathic and acute | CS: Ear droop, lip paralysis, sialosis, deviation of the nose, absence of menace or palpebral reflex

Answer 54

Facial Nerve Paralysis

Question 55

Zoonotic, viral dz that affects all warm blooded animals world wide Fatal with wide variety of C/S: ataxia, behavior changes, weakness of hind limbs, hypersalivation

Answer 55

Rabies

Question 56

What virus causes rabies?

Answer 56

Rhabdovirus

Question 57

What route is rabies spread through?

Answer 57

Bite wounds

Question 58

Most common terrestrial reservoir of rabies for domestic animals on the East Coast

Answer 58

Raccoons

Question 59

Most common reservoir to human exposure of rabies

Answer 59

Bats

Question 60

What state is rabies free?

Answer 60

Hawaii

Question 61

How long does it take for C/S of rabies to set in?

Answer 61

10 days

Question 62

Direct Flourescent Antibody test for rabies should be done on what type of tissue?

Answer 62

Fresh brain tissue

Question 63

Animals should receive their first rabies vax at what age?

Answer 63

3 mos

Question 64

How long does the first rabies vax last?

Answer 64

1 yr