Reproductive System Dz Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
When do female dogs reach puberty?
A
6-12 mos
2
Q
What type of estrous cycle do dogs have?
A
Diestrous
3
Q
______ breeds reach puberty earlier than ________ breeds
A
small;large
4
Q
Dogs will cycle every how many months?
A
6 mos
5
Q
Cats reach puberty by
A
6-9 mos
6
Q
Cats cycle multiple times each season so they are considered
A
seasonally polyestrous
7
Q
During what months do cats cycle?
A
Jan-Oct
8
Q
2 reasons why the estrous cycle is important
A
- Time breeding
2. Dx dz
9
Q
At what age should you mate dogs?
A
2 years
10
Q
How many days post bleeding can you breed a female?
A
Day 12 (or 11-14)
11
Q
Should you breed during the first heat, every heat?
A
No
12
Q
5 stages of estrous
A
- Proestrus
- Estrus
- Metestrus
- Diestrus
- Anestrus
13
Q
How long does proestrus last?
A
about 9 days
14
Q
Which stage of estrous is characterized by bloody discharge, swollen vulva, increased estrogen, low progesterone, and will not stand for male?
A
Proestrus
15
Q
What 2 type of cells are found with proestrus
A
- Erythrocytes
2. Non-cornified (superficial)
16
Q
How long does estrus last?
A
about 9 days
17
Q
Which stage of estrous is characterized by swollen vulva, discharge, will stand for male, ovulation, increased then decreased estrogen, and increased progesterone?
A
Estrus
18
Q
The transitional stage of estrous
A
Metestrus
19
Q
How long does diestrus last?
A
about 58 days
20
Q
Which stage of estrous is characterized by decrease in discharge and increased progesterone levels??
A
Diestrus
21
Q
What type of cells are seen with estrus?
A
cornified cells
22
Q
What type of cells are seen with diestrus?
A
Noncornified
23
Q
What 2 complications can arise during diestrus?
A
- Pseudopregnancy
2. pyometra
24
Q
How long does anestrus last?
A
2-5 months
25
This stage of the estrous cycle is characterized as the time of reproductive rest
Anestrus
26
Which stage of estrous has the fewest cells upon cytology?
Anestrus
27
What 3 complications could arise during anestrus?
1. Postpartum ecclampsia
2. Metritis
3. Mastitis
28
How long does a cat's estrous cycle last? And how often does it recur?
1-3 weeks
| 2-3 weeks
29
If a female cat is rolling, affectionate, vocalizing, and raising her back end, she may be
in heat
30
The downward curvature of the lumbar spine of a feline in heat
Lordosis
31
This is most common in puppies before puberty, and rarely seen in adults
Self limiting and signs mimic a UTI (vaginal licking, discharge, and pollakuria)
Vaginitis
32
What stage of estrous can pyometra occur?
Diestrus
33
This is seen in dogs and cats that is a hormone dysfunction complicated by ascending infection
Pyometra
34
An open pyometra is classified by
vaginal discharge
35
If a female has a closed pyometra, she will not have
discharge
36
2 ways to treat pyometra
1. Abx
| 2. OHE
37
What stage of estrous does pseudocyesis occur?
Diestrus
38
Normal occurance in dogs and cats characterized by lactation, nesting, maternal behavior, and weight gain
Ruled out with radiograph or ultrasound
Will resolve on its own
Pseudocyesis (pseudopregnancy)
39
May remain tied after mating
Dogs
40
Quick, violent mating that induces ovulation
Cats
41
How long does gestation last in dogs and cats?
63 days
42
When can you palpate puppies or kittens?
30-35 days
43
When can you see puppies or kittens on a radiograph?
45 days
44
When can you see puppies or kittens on an ultrasound?
20-28 days
45
Physical changes of gestation is most obvious in
the last week
46
Starts a few days before delivery of pups or kittens
Lactation
47
Parturition in dogs is known as
whelping
48
Parturition in cats is known as
queening
49
This stage of labor is classified by a drop in temperature, not eating, nesting, restlessness, and mild contractions
Stage 1
50
How long does the first stage of labor last?
up to 36 hrs
| or 6-12 on average
51
This stage of labor is classified by strong contractions and puppies are delivered
Stage 2
52
How much time should be between puppies during parturition?
20-60 mins
53
This stage of labor is the delivery of the placentas and the period of rest between puppies
Stage 3
54
Puppies and kittens may be born
"breech"
55
Dogs and cats are considered this because they give birth to litters
Multiparous
56
Type of placenta that dogs and cats have
zonary
57
A C-section should be considered after straining more than ___ minutes with no delivery
60
58
A respiratory stimulant given under the tongue to neonates
Dopram
59
Junction of sutures of frontal and parietal bones that close after birth in neonates
Soft spot
| Open fontanelle
60
If milk starts coming out of the nose of a neonate or their bellies are small after nursing, they may have a
cleft palate
61
Protrustion of part of intestine through defect in the umbilicus
Omphalocele
62
Hormone secreted by the corpus luteum within the ovary
Progesterone
63
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production in last third of pregnancy
Prolactin
64
Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary in the last hours of pregnancy for milk let down in response to suckling
Oxytocin
65
First milk of the mother that's rich in maternal antibodies, essential in first 24 hrs
Colostrum
66
This can be short or long term if mother can not support pups on her own
Sold OTC or can be homemade
Milk replacements
67
What should we transition to puppy/kitty food?
4-6 weeks
68
Tail docking is AKA
oriychetomy
69
Tail docking and dewclaw removal should be done at what age?
2-5 days
70
Vax and deworming should be done at what age?
6-8 wks
71
Ear cropping should be done at what age?
3 mos
72
What age should pups and kittens have their rabies vax?
12 weeks
73
Ascending infx of the uterus that occurs after parturition with retained placentas and fetuses
Foul vulvular discharge, acts sick, and lack of maternal behavior
Treat with Abx or oxytocin
Metritis
74
Peurperal tetany is AKA
Eclampsia
75
Serious illness associated with low Ca levels
More common in small breed dogs
Can cause weakness, shaking, seizures, collapse, and death
Tx: Ca supplementation and temporarily stop nursing
Eclampsia
76
Ascending infx of mammary glands where glands are warm, painful, and swollen
Treat with warm compresses, Abx, and NSAIDS
Mastitis
77
Should an animal continue nursing with mastitis?
yes, unless severely ill
78
Post-partum dz that occurs in dogs only that produces brown discharge >12 wks after parturition
OVH only Tx
SIPS
79
SIPS is
Subinvolution of placental sites
80
Most common tumor in female dogs
Mammary tumors
81
Malignancy of mammary tumors in dogs
50%
82
Malignancy of mammary tumors in cats
80-90%
83
What is the chance of incidence of mammary tumors if an OHE is performed?
Almost 0%
84
How do you distinguish mammary tumor malignancy?
Biopsy
85
2 things you should check for metasteses with mammary tumors
1. lymph nodes
| 2. chest rads
86
Benign tumors are
adenomas
87
Malignant tumors are
adenocarcinomas
88
Tumors in these 2 areas of females are uncommon
1. ovaries
| 2. uterus
89
Uncommon but occurs in dogs (M and F) that causes lesions on face or genitals
Tx - SX or chemo
Transmissable Venereal Tumors (TVT)
90
Functional ovarian tissue in cats that have been spayed
| Treated with surgery
Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
91
Zoonotic bacterial infx that affects males and females that is transmitted during mating
Causes repro problems (infertility, abortion, inflammation)
Treated with long term Abx
Brucellosis
92
A gram -, non motile bacteria that causes Brucellosis that is zoonotic
Breeders should test for this because it causes infertility
Brucella canis
93
Incubation period for B. canis
8-12 wks
94
Occurs in young bitch in estrus where the vaginal tissue is prolapsed and may reoccur with additional heats
Vaginal hyperplasia
95
Males reach puberty at what age?
10-12 mos
96
Most common dz of the male repro tract
Prostate dz
97
Small gland around the urethra, beneath the colon that can be palpated rectally
Could have some sort of dz if difficulty urinating and defecating
Prostate
98
Most common prostate dz
| Common in older, intact males
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
99
To dx this dz, you should use rectal palpation, ultrasound, x-ray, culture, or biopsy
Prostate dz
100
Testicular inflammation
orchitis
101
Retained testicle
| Occurs in cats and dogs and neuter should be performed
cryptorchid
102
Orchidectomy, orchectomy, castration is AKA
neuter
103
2 STDs males can get
TVT and brucellosis
104
Congenital remnant of fetal tissue in males that should be corrected with Sx
Persistent frenulum
105
Inflammation of the mucosal lining in the prepuce that is usually caused by a hygiene problem
Treat with cleaning
Balanoposthitis
106
Inability to retract penis due to swelling or constriction of preputal orifice
EMERGENCY
Tx- reduce swelling, lubricate, cover and protect
Paraphimosis
