Cardio Dzs

Question 1

Which part of the heart is the thickest?

Answer 1

Left ventricle

Question 2

How many lobes does the left side of the lungs have? Their names?

Answer 2

3

Cranial, middle, caudal

Question 3

How many lobes does the right side of the lungs have? Their names?

Answer 3

4

Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

Question 4

Most common neoplasia of the cardiorespiratory system

Answer 4

Hemangiosarcoma

Question 5

What diagnostic tool measures electrical activity of the heart>

Answer 5

Electrocardiogram

Question 6

What diagnostic tool helps view the activity of the heart?

Answer 6

Echocardiogram

Question 7

Which sided heart failure shows c/s of fluid build up in the respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, coughing, and dyspnea?

Answer 7

Left side

Question 8

Which sided heart failure shows c/s of fluid build up in the body, ascites, pitting edema, and pleural effusion?

Answer 8

Right side

Question 9

What side heart failure is most common?

Answer 9

Left

Question 10

What is the vector for heartworm?

Answer 10

Mosquito

Question 11

What is the scientific name of heartworms?

Answer 11

Dirofilaria immitis

Question 12

Where do adult heartworms reside?

Answer 12

R ventricle and pulmonic artery

Question 13

Fluid backed up in the heart

Answer 13

CHF

Question 14

How long does it take for heartworm to complete a life cycle?

Answer 14

6 months

Question 15

End stage of heartworm dz
Worms travel to vena cava and cause RBC hemolysis which causes anemia and the hemolyzed RBCs travel to the liver and congest it. Causes jaundice and liver failure

Answer 15

Caval syndrome

Question 16

A secondary dz in cats from heartworms that is commonly misdiagnosed with bronchitis and asthma
Dying worms causing a reaction

Answer 16

HARD (Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease)

Question 17

Whats the best way to dx heartworm dz?

Answer 17

Serology test

Question 18

What heartworms excrete hormones to help dx?

Answer 18

Adult females

Question 19

What other worm may heartworm be confused with?

Answer 19

Acanthochelioma reconditum

Question 20

What adulticide is used for heartworm?

Answer 20

Melarsomine

Question 21

What is a common microfilaricide used?

Answer 21

Ivermectin

Question 22

What type of heartworm infection involves no circulating microfilaria and sterile or male only infections

Answer 22

Occult Heartworm Infx

Question 23

Occult heartworm infex are more common in

Answer 23

cats

Question 24

What age should you start heartworm preventatives?

Answer 24

6-8 weeks

Question 25

What geographic area and what time of the year should you use heartworm preventatives?

Answer 25

All, year round

Question 26

When should you test for heartworm?

Answer 26

6 mos after last missed preventative dose if over 6 mos of age

Question 27

Collies, Shelties, Australian shepherds, and Long-haired whippets may have a toxicity to

Answer 27

Ivermectin

Question 28

A disease that is usually asymptomatic and may get worse with age C/S: similar to left-sided heart failure, may be associated with dental dz, low grade murmur on the left side Small breed dogs

Answer 28

Valvular dz

Question 29

What type of valvular disease is most common?

Answer 29

Mitral insufficiency or prolapse

Question 30

CMVI

Answer 30

Chronic Mitral valve insufficiency

Question 31

A congenital valvular dz that causes a murmur due to velocity of blood through stenotic (narrowed) valve Common in aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer 31

Valve stenosis

Question 32

SAS

Answer 32

Subaortic stenosis

Question 33

Goldens, GSDs, and Newfies are prone to

Answer 33

SAS

Question 34

The sound of a murmur

Answer 34

thrill

Question 35

Disease involving the heart muscle

Answer 35

Myocardial dz

Question 36

Myocardial dz where the heart muscle stretches and becomes thin and weak (starts on the left side, usually). Dilated chambers can't pump and decreases cardiac output and valves begin to leak Mid-old age dogs and can be genetic, nutritional, or idiopathic

Answer 36

DCM (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)

Question 37

In cats with DCM, it can be due to lack of what nutrient in their diet?

Answer 37

Taurine

Question 38

Myocardial dz that is more common in cats and causes thickening of the heart muscle, narrow chambers, and lack of filling during diastole

Answer 38

HCM (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

Question 39

What is a secondary problem for cats with HCM?

Answer 39

Saddle thrombus

Question 40

What artery is usually the location of a thrombus in cats?

Answer 40

Distal aorta

Question 41

What shows c/s of hind limb paresis and cold limbs in cats? | Generally a poor prognosis

Answer 41

Thromboembolism

Question 42

What can be used to treat a thromboembolism? (3)

Answer 42

TPA, heparin, or streptokinase

Question 43

A myocardial dz that is less common than HCM or DCM where the pericardium restricts the heart from pumping Ex: hardware dz, cardiac tamponade, pericardial neoplasia/effusion

Answer 43

RCM (Restricted cardiomyopathy)

Question 44

Animal ingests a sharp object, collects in the reticulum, and object can punch through and damage pericardium Farmers use magnets to prevent problems

Answer 44

Hardware dz

Question 45

A congenital heart dz that can affect closer to the atrium or ventricles where there is a murmur present Can kill animals before 8 weeks of age

Answer 45

Septal defects

Question 46

Hole between the cardiac atria that closes at birth in mammals

Answer 46

Foramen ovale

Question 47

Closed foramen ovale in adults

Answer 47

Fossa ovalis

Question 48

A congenital heart dz where the pressure increases in the right side resulting in a R to L shunt and causes hypoxemia, cyanosis, and polycythemia

Answer 48

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 49

What breed of dogs are predisposed to Tetrology of fallot?

Answer 49

Keeshonds and English bulldogs

Question 50

A congenital heart dz where the vascular arch constricts the esophagus causing regurg, weight loss, and pneumonia

Answer 50

PRAA (Persistent Right aortic arch)

Question 51

How can you test for PRAA?

Answer 51

Barium

Question 52

A congenital heart dz that causes a shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta (a vessel that closes at birth that stays open) C/S: murmur that is machinery-like

Answer 52

PDA (patent ductus arteriosis)

Question 53

Change in normal heart rate or rhythm caused by electrolyte imbalance, disruption of electrical conduction, metabolic dz, fear, anemia, drugs, or toxins

Answer 53

arrythmia

Question 54

4 steps of electrical impulses through the heart

Answer 54

1. SA node 2. AV node 3. Bundle of His 4. Purkinje fibers

Question 55

HR increases upon inspiration that is normal in dogs

Answer 55

Sinus arrhytmia

Question 56

A cardiac arrhythmia that is a slower beat

Answer 56

Sinus bradycardia

Question 57

A cardiac arrhythmia that is a faster beat

Answer 57

Sinus tachycardia

Question 58

Crackles

Answer 58

fluid - edema or infx

Question 59

Wheezes

Answer 59

inflammation or narrowing

Question 60

Muffled

Answer 60

Fluid or mass

Question 61

Murmur grading is based on a I-VI scale by their

Answer 61

intensity

Question 62

PMI

Answer 62

point of maximum intensity

Question 63

There can be a normal tracing on an ECG without

Answer 63

cardiac output/pulse

Question 64

Whats the best position for an animal to be in for an ECG?

Answer 64

R lateral

Question 65

What 2 views for a rad are best to examine the heart?

Answer 65

Lateral and VD

Question 66

What is applied to the ears for acute heart disease treatment?

Answer 66

Nitroglycerin

Question 67

What diuretic is commonly used to treat acute and chronic heart dz?

Answer 67

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 68

What type of diet should animals with heart dz be on?

Answer 68

Low NA