The nucleus Flashcards
Central dogma of cell biology (16 cards)
What states the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
True or False: The central dogma states that information flows from RNA to DNA.
False
Fill in the blank: In eukaryotes, the process of _____ involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
transcription
What is the role of mRNA in the central dogma?
mRNA serves as a messenger that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are epigenetic modifications?
Chemical changes to DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
True or False: Epigenetic changes can be inherited.
True
What is the function of histone acetylation?
Histone acetylation typically promotes gene expression by loosening the chromatin structure.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of epigenetic modification? A) Methylation B) Acetylation C) Replication D) Phosphorylation
C) Replication
Short Answer: Name one factor that can influence epigenetic modifications.
Enzymes such as histone acetyl transferases
What is the purpose of transcription factors?
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to regulatory DNA sequences, such as enhancers or repressors.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
promoter
True or False: Only eukaryotic cells undergo transcription.
False
What is the role of the 5’ cap and poly-A tail in mRNA?
They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation initiation.
Multiple Choice: Which process follows transcription in the central dogma? A) Translation B) Replication C) Mutation D) Mitosis
A) Translation
