The Nueromuscular system

Question 1

whats the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

Answer 1

aerobic means with oxygen so it refers to exercise to low to medium intesity where the oxygen demand of the muscles can be met where as anaerobic means without oxygen so refers exercise at high intesity such as sprinting.

Question 2

what are slow twitch fibres (TYPE 1)

Answer 2

these have a much slower contraction speed and are better adapted to low intensity exercise such as jogging. they produce most of their energy aerobically.

Question 3

what are fast oxidative glycotic fibres (type 2a)?

Answer 3

these fibres are more resistant to fatigue and are used for events such as 1500m where a longer burst of energy is needed

Question 4

what are fast glycotic fibres (Type 2x)?

Answer 4

these fibres fatigue much quicker than type 2a and are used for highly explosive events such as shotput where a short burst of energy is needed.

Question 5

name three characteristics of type 1 fibres

Answer 5

1. high capilary density
2. high myoglobin content
3. low forced produced

Question 6

name three characteristics of type 2a fibres?

Answer 6

1. medium capilary density
2. medium myoglobin content
3. high forced produced

Question 7

name three characteristics of type 2x fibres?

Answer 7

1. low capillary density
2. low myoglobin content
3. high force produced

Question 8

describe a motor unit

Answer 8

it consists of a motor neurone and its muscles fibres. only one type of muscle fibre can be found in one praticular motor unit

Question 9

what are motor neurones

Answer 9

nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscles.

Question 10

what is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 10

where the motor neurone and the muscle fibre meet.

Question 11

what is the all or none law?

Answer 11

where a sequence of impulses has to be of sufficient intensity to stimulate all the muscle fibres in a motor unit in order for them to contract. if not none of them contract.

Question 12

define wave summation

Answer 12

where there is a repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax so a smooth, sustained contraction occurs rather that twitches.

Question 13

define tetanic contraction

Answer 13

a sustained muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeating stimuli.

Question 14

define spatial summation

Answer 14

when the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscles motor units

Question 15

what is PNF

Answer 15

• proprioceptive neuromusclular facilitation

- advanced stretching technique

Question 16

whats the difference between muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Answer 16

muscle spindles- detect how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex.

golgi tendon organs- these are activated when there is tension in a muscle.

Question 17

what is a isometric contraction

Answer 17

where there is tension in a muscle but no visible movement

Question 18

what is autogenic inhibition

Answer 18

where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension. the receptors involved in this process are Golgi tendon organs