The respiratory system Flashcards
describe the terms ventilation and respiration
Ventillation: getting air into and out of the lungs
Respiration- taking in of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.
what is gaseous exchange?
the movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.
define diffusion
the movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
state the order of the passage of air
nose - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
what are the muscles used for inspiration at rest?
- diaphram
- external intercostals
what are the muscles used for expiration at rest?
passive: diaphragm and external intercostals just relax
define tidal volume and state what happens to it during exercise
volume of air breathed out per breath and increases during exercise.
define inspiratory reserve volume and what happens to it during exercise?
volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath and decreases during exercise
define expiratory reserve volume and state what happens to it during exercise
volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath and it slightly decreases during exercise
define residual volume and state what happens to it during exercise
volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration and it remains the same during exercise.
define minute ventilation and state what happens to it during exercise
volume of air breathed in or out per minute and it largely increases during exercise.
how do you calculate minute ventilation
number of breaths (per min) x tidal volume
what is a spirometer
used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
what are the three factors involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise
- neural control
- chemical control
- hormonal control
define partial pressure
the pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases.
