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Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) > The Oral Mucosa and Gingivae > Flashcards

The Oral Mucosa and Gingivae Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the oral mucosa

A
  • Mechanical protection against both compressive and shearing forces
  • Barrier against bacteria, toxins, antigens
  • Immunological defences (humoral and cell-mediated
    immunity)
  • Contains minor salivary glands that lubricate the mucosa
  • Innervation (sensory nerve endings for touch, pain, taste)
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2
Q

What are the 3 functional classes of the oral mucosa

A
  1. Masticatory
  2. Lining
  3. Specialised
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3
Q

Where is the masticatory mucosa found, is it keratinised and describe its lamina propria

A
  • in areas of high compression and friction
  • gingivae, hard palate
  • highly keratinized and thick lamina propria
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4
Q

Where is the lining mucosa found, is it keratinised and describe its lamina propria

A

• in areas that must be mobile and distensible
• cheeks, lips, alveolar mucosa, floor of mouth, ventral
surface of tongue, soft palate
• non-keratinized and loose lamina propria

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5
Q

Where is the specialised mucosa found

A
  • dorsal surface of the tongue (because of taste buds)

* vermilion of lips (transition between skin-oral mucosa)

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6
Q

What kind of epithelium is in the oral mucosa

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What are the properties/features of the Lamina Propria

A

Connective tissue
Mainly fibroblasts
ECM rich in collagen
Capillaries and nerve endings

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8
Q

Where is the sub-mucosa and what does it consist of

A 
Under the muscularis mucosa
Loose CT
Fat deposits
Glands
Nerves (probably intrinsic)
Blood vessels
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9
Q

What are the different categories of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinised
Non-keratinised
Parakeratinised

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10
Q

What is the surface of keratinised epithelium made of and what is it filled with

A

Surface made of non-viable cells without nuclei, filled with keratins (stratum corneum)

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11
Q

What is the surface of non-keratinised epithelium made of

A

Surface consists of all viable cells with nuclei

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12
Q

What is the surface of parakeratinised epithelium made of

A

Surface made of some non-viable cells without nuclei, and some apoptotic cells with shrivelled nuclei

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13
Q

What are the different layers of the keratinised epithelium

A

Stratum Corneum - keratinised layer
Stratum Granulosum - granular layer
Stratum Spinosum - prickle cell layer
Stratum Germinativum - stratum basale or basal layer

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14
Q

What does the stratum germinativum (basale) contain a lot of and what is its role

A
  • Contains a lot of progenitor cells

- Gives rise to the epithelial layers above it

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15
Q

What are the cells of the stratum spinosum like and what is its role

A
  • Prickly (spinous), Larger and rounder cells, connected by desmosomes
  • Produces keratins that are resistant fibrous cytoskeletal proteins that are composed of intermediate filaments (found in all epithelia)
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16
Q

What are the cells of the stratum granulosum like and what granules can be found

A
  • Cells become larger, flatter and more mature in this layer

- Cytoplasm gradually fills with keratinohyaline granules

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17
Q

What are the cells of the stratum corneum like and what is this layer’s role

A
  • Cells lose all organelles and completely fill with keratins.
  • Provides mechanical protection to the mucosa
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18
Q

What allows the stratum corneum cells to shed off for the physiological turnover of epithelial tissue

A

The desmosomes disappear

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19
Q

What kind of proteins are keratins

20
Q

Where are a lot of keratins found

Study These Flashcards
A

Epithelial cells and hair

21
Q

What are the layers of non-keratinised epithelium

Study These Flashcards
A

Superficial cells
Stratum Intermedium
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum

22
Q

What are the cells of the stratum intermedium like and how is it different from the stratum granulosum

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cells become larger, flatter and more mature

- No keratinohyaline granules

23
Q

What are the cells of the superficial layer like

Study These Flashcards
A

Nuclei present in cells

Desmosomes disappear, allowing cells to shed off and physiological turnover

24
Q

What is the basement membrane found between

Study These Flashcards
A

It is the interface between the epithelium and connective tissue

25
What is the role of the basal lamina
Provides mechanical adhesion of epithelium to connective tissue and, at the same time, acts as barrier between them
26
What synthesises the basal lamina
Synthesized by cells of the stratum germinativum
27
What are the 2 layers of the basal lamina
- Lamina lucida: adjacent to epithelium (laminin) | - Lamina densa: adjacent to connective tissue (collagen IV)
28
What is the role of hemidesmosomes in the basement membrane
structures on the cell side of basal lamina that link basement membrane to epithelial cells
29
What is the lamina propria
Connective tissue underlying the epithelium
30
Describe the collagen fibres in the superficial and deep layers of the lamina propria
Superficial - thin, loosely arranged collagen fibres | Deep - thick parallel bundles of collagen fibres
31
What protein is there a lot of in the lamina propria
Collagen
32
What is the role of the fibroblasts in the lamina propria
Producing the ECM
33
What defence cells are in the lamina propria
- Macrophages - Lymphocytes - Mast cells
34
Name as many areas of the oral mucosa that have thin epithelia as you can
Floor of Mouth Alveolar mucosa Vermilion zone (lips) Tongue (ventral)
35
Name as many areas of the oral mucosa that have thick epithelia as you can
``` Tongue (dorsal) Soft Palate Hard Palate Labial - buccal Gingivae ```
36
Name as many parts of the oral mucosa with a keratinised epithelia as you can
Vermilion zone (lips) Tongue (dorsal) Hard Palate Gingivae
37
Name as many parts of the oral mucosa with a non-keratinised epithelia as you can
``` Floor of mouth Alveolar mucosa Tongue (ventral) Soft Palate Labial-veccal ```
38
What is leukoplakia and what are some risk factors
- White lesion of the oral mucosa - Increased thickness of keratinised layer - Associated with smoking and infection - Can exhibit malignant transformation
39
In the gingiva point out the "knife edge" papillae, gingival crevice, free gingiva, attached gingiva and mucogingival junction
knife edge papillae = thinnest part between teeth
40
What is the gingival sulcus
Small crevice between gums and enamel of tooth
41
What is the difference between gingival, sulcular and junctional epithelium
Gingival - epithelium of normal gums Sulcular - epithelium in the sulcus, not touching enamel Junctional - epithelium touching the enamel
42
What does the CT under the gingival epithelium connect the epithelium to
Alveolar bone
43
Is the sulcular epithelium keratinised and how deep is the gingival sulcus when healthy
Non-keratinised | 0.5-2mm. deep in health
44
Is the junctional epithelium keratinised and what connects it to the enamel
Non keratinised | Hemidesmosomes
45
What does the permeability of the junctional epithelium allow for
Tissue fluid and immune cells to pass through into the gingival sulcus for defence against invading oral bacteria
46
What are some symptoms of chronic gingivitis, gotta get all sciencey to get this right
- Heavy neutrophil emigration into the enlarge gingival crevice - entensive gingival plaque - no loss of CT attachment - Plasma cell dominated inflammatory infiltrate
47
What are some symptoms of chronic periodontitis
- Gingival recession with fibrosis in CT - Continued extension of sub gingival plaque - Extension of inflammatory infiltrate - Apical migration and ulceration of the junctional epithelium - Alveolar bone resorption and periodontal ligament loss

Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) (15 decks)

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