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Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dental lamina

A
  • A fold in the developing oral epithelium that gives rise to tooth germs
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2
Q

What are the 5 stages of tooth development

A
  1. Bud
  2. Cap
  3. Bell
  4. Crown
  5. Root
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3
Q

What stages of tooth development happen before mineralisation

A
  1. Bud
  2. Cap
  3. Bell
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4
Q

Give a super brief description of what happens in the bud stage

A

1st condensation of mesenchyme around epithelium, characterised by appearance of tooth bud with no clear arrangement of cells

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5
Q

Give a super brief description of what happens in the cap stage

A

Enamel organ forms “cap” above the dental papilla

This stage begins once the epithelial cells proliferate into the ectomesenchyme of the jaw

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6
Q

Give a super brief description of what happens in the bell stage

A

Shape of tooth crown begins to emerge in contours of enamel organ

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7
Q

Give a super brief description of what happens in the crown stage

A

Mineralised crown tissue (dentine and enamel) deposition

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8
Q

Give a super brief description of what happens in the root stage

A

Crown formation complete, roots grow, and tooth erupts and root apex matures

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9
Q

What is the ectoderm

A

developmental germ layer that forms skin, oral epithelium, and enamel organ.

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10
Q

What is the mesenchyme

A

loose, migratory, undifferentiated cells that are important in development of many tissues.

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11
Q

What is the dental papilla

A

mesenchyme-derived part of tooth germ.

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12
Q

What is the enamel organ

A

developmental derivative of dental lamina.

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13
Q

What is the stellate reticulum

A

cellular filling of enamel organ

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14
Q

What happens in the bud stage of tooth development

A
  • marked by growth of epithelium into the mesenchyme
  • period of extensive proliferation and growth of the dental lamina
  • dental lamina forms into tooth buds that penetrate into mesenchyme
  • each tooth bud is surrounded by the mesenchyme
  • buds + mesenchyme develop into tooth germ and associated tissues of the tooth
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15
Q

What happens in the cap stage of tooth development

A
  1. Dental lamina expands to form cap-like structure called enamel organ, which continues to grow.
  2. Part of mesenchyme is concentrated under cap as dental papilla.
  3. Earliest cap stages at 11 weeks.
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16
Q

What happens in the bell stage of tooth development

A
  1. Enamel organ tissues begin to differentiate.
  2. Enamel organ begins to fold into shape of finished crown.
  3. Dental papilla tissues begin to differentiate.
  4. First reached at 14 weeks.
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17
Q

In the cap stage what forms the cap/enamel organ

A

A depression that forms in the deepest part of each tooth bud and forms the cap/enamel organ, produces the future enamel

18
Q

What forms under the cap in the cap stage

A

A condensing mass of mesenchyme - the dental papilla - produces the future dentin and pulp tissue

19
Q

What in the cap stage is the future site of the EDJ

A

The basement membrane that separates the enamel organ and the dental papilla

20
Q

In the cap stage what does the remaining mesenchyme surrounding the enamel organ form

A

It condenses to form the dental sac or the dental follicle

21
Q

What does the tooth germ consist of

A

Enamel Organ
Dental Papilla
Dental Follicle

22
Q

What are the 4 types of cells in the enamel organ

A
  1. inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
  2. outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
  3. stellate reticulum
  4. stratum intermedium
23
Q

What does the dental papilla differentiate into

A
  1. outer cells of the dental papilla - forms the dentin secreting cells (odontoblasts)
  2. central cells of the dental papilla - forms the primordial of the pulp
24
Q

What is the function of OEE cells

A

Protective barrier during the enamel production

25
Q

What do the IEE cells differentiate into

A

Ameloblasts

26
Q

What is the shape of the stellate reticulum

A

Star shaped

27
Q

What is the role of the stellate reticulum

A

supports the production of enamel and produce GAGs

28
Q

What is the role of the stratum intermedium cells

A

Supports production of enamel

29
Q

How do the cells of the stellate reticulum become star shaped

A
  • cells in the centre of the enamel organ (enamel knot) begin to synthesize and secrete glycosaminoglycans
  • this pulls water into the enamel organ
  • increasing amount of fluid, forces the cells apart
  • however, they remain connected via cellular processes which makes them star shaped
30
Q

How can the primordia of the permanent dentition first be seen

A

during the cap stage the primordial appears as an extension off the developing dental lamina (site of origin = successional dental lamina)

31
Q

What happens in the appositional stage of tooth development

A
  • Secretion of enamel, dentin and cementum
  • these tissues are initially secreted as a matrix that is partially calcified – serves as a framework for later calcification
32
Q

What happens in the maturation stage of tooth development

A
  • characterized by the completion of mineralization
  • Before eruption, the surface of the crown is covered by the reduced enamel epithelium. This later degenerates as the tooth erupts into the mouth.
33
Q

What does the reduced enamel epithelium

A
  1. the reduced ameloblasts that are in contact with the enamel, but are no longer able to undergo cell division
  2. external cells = mostly stratum intermedium, undifferentiated epithelial cells able to divide and multiply, these external cells eventually = junctional epithelium
34
Q

What do pre ameloblasts induce

A

– the pre-ameloblasts induce cells of dental papilla to differentiate

35
Q

What do the odontoblasts differentiate from

A

from the mesenchyme of th dental papilla

36
Q

Give a brief description of the crown stage

A

1.Defined by beginning of mineralization.
2. Bell stage differentiation continues, away from
cusp tips towards future cervical margin.
3. deposition of dentin followed by enamel

37
Q

What is the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS)

A

The Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) or epithelial root sheath is a proliferation of epithelial cells located at the cervical loop of the enamel organ in a developing tooth

38
Q

Briefly describe the process of odontogenesis

A
  1. Begins with induction of odontoblasts by ameloblasts.
  2. Begins before amelogenesis.
  3. Preodontoblasts secrete mantle dentine.
  4. Odontoblasts grow long processes, which lengthen
    as dentine gets thicker.
  5. Secretory phase: organic matrix laid down as
    predentine, which has lots of type 1 collagen.
  6. Mineralisation phase
39
Q

Briefly describe amelogenesis

A
  1. Ameloblasts differentiate, become elongated and deposit enamel matrix.
  2. Initial enamel is aprismatic, but ameloblasts change shape resulting in prismatic enamel through most of crown.
  3. Secretory phase: Organic matrix deposited and becomes mineralised almost instantly.
  4. Maturation phase: hydroxyapatite crystals form and organic matrix largely removed.
40
Q

Describe what happens in the root stage

A
  • After crown is complete, cervical margins (loop) of enamel organ grow down as root sheath (Hertwig’s root sheath).
  • Dental papilla cells differentiate into odontoblasts and deposit dentine.
  • Dental follicle cells differentiate into cementoblasts and fibroblasts to create cementum and periodontal ligament.
41
Q

What is the enamel organ derived from

A

The dental lamina proliferation

42
Q

What is the dental papilla and follicle derive from

A

Mesenchymal neural crest cells

Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) (15 decks)

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