The People's Health: Industrial era- living conditions. Flashcards
(32 cards)
housing: what did landlords and builders take advantage of and what did it lead to?
lack of building regulations.
packed as many houses as possible onto small plots of lands.
housing: what did some better off working class people rented and what did it look like?
‘through’ houses.
had their own outside space.
housing: what did the usual house look like?
terraced rows that were joined to the row behind with just 1 room upstairs and 1 room downstairs (back to back houses) which housed the poorest people.
housing: what what difficult about back to back housing and what could it cause and what was it due to?
difficult to ventilate.
damp.
caused chest infections (tuberculosis.)
housing: what type of house did single people tend to rent out and what did it look like?
rented out rooms in lodging houses.
large houses divided up into smaller rooms.
dirty and overcrowded- people packed into a single room and sharing beds or sleeping on the floor.
fleas and body lice were common and cause typhus to spread.
housing: what were cellar dwellings?
small and damp spaces underneath other people’s house’s with no sunlight.
sometimes flooded with rain or even sewage from the street above.
food: what did workers kitchens not have and what did it cause?
limited facilities for cooking and storing food safely.
food: what was the wages of unskilled workers and what did this mean they struggled to do?
low wages.
struggled to buy enough food to feed a whole family.
food: what did workers rely on?
basics such as: bread, potatoes, weak tea- used the leaves multiple times.
food: what could workers eat occasionally?
bacon or offal if they could afford it?
food: what did the unbalanced of the working class cause?
malnutrition.
food: what was there a lack of legally?
laws regulating the quality of food.
food: what did some butchers and street sellers sold?
meat from diseased animals.
food: was food adulteration seen a lot?
yes it was a widespread practise.
food: examples of food adulteration.
milk was sold with chalk and water to make it go further.
copper was added to butter to alter it’s colour.
lead to diarrhoea and food poisoning.
waste: what were sewers not used for so what was the alternative?
not built to service the new working class houses.
privies used instead.
waste: what does the privy situation look like in back to back housing or individual houses?
individual- had their own.
back to back- shared one between ten houses or more.
waste: where were privies connected to?
cesspits not sewers.
waste: how did the cesspit looked?
built of brick and about six feet deep.
waste: who did landlords pay to empty cesspits, what did they do with it?
paid night soil men.
sold it to farmers as manure.
waste: how was the night soil men and the landlord organise the emptying of the cesspit and what could go wrong?
arranged between each other.
if landlords didn’t pay, cesspits overflowed into the streets and yards in stinking pools.
waste: what happened when cesspits leaked and was it often or not?
leaked often.
caused outbreaks of cholera.
wate: did sewers exist and if so what was their role?
they did exist.
built to take away rainwater rather than human waste.
waste: where did the sewers empty its contents into?
straight into the rivers.
↳where water came from.
