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ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING > The Practical Lab - the Principles > Flashcards

The Practical Lab - the Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is a serum/plain tube used for pink, red or brown)?

A

biochemistry, hormonal assays and serology (antibodies)

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2
Q

What are heparin (green, orange) tubes used for?

A

in-house biochemistry

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3
Q

What are EDTA (pink, purple) tubes for?

A

haematology

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4
Q

What are citrate (light blue/white tubes for?

A

coagulation profiles

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5
Q

What are oxalate(yellow, grey) tubes used for?

A

glucose

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6
Q

What tube is used for clotting?

A

serum/plain tube

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7
Q

What tubes are used for plasma?

A

heparin, EDTA, citrate and oxalate

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8
Q

What are clotting tubes used for?

A

serum

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9
Q

What makes plasma tubes plasma and not serum?

A

they all have anti-coagulants in them

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10
Q

What is the rule with EDTA tubes?

A

they should always be filled last

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11
Q

What do K2-EDTA tibes do?

A

chelate calcium

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12
Q

What might contamination of EDTA on biochemistry show?

A

low calcium and high potassium

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13
Q

What is hypoproteinaemia?

A

decreased total protein

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14
Q

What is hypoalbuminaemia?

A

decreased albumin

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15
Q

What is hyperbilirubinaemia?

A

high total bilirubin

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16
Q

What is hypocholesterolaemia?

A

decreased cholesterol

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17
Q

What is hypocalaemia?

A

decreased calcium

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18
Q

What range indicated ‘mild’ biochemsitry?

A

roughtly 13 under the reference

19
Q

What ranges is indicated by ‘marked’ biochemistry?

A

significantly increased or decreased

20
Q

What range does ‘moderate’ biochemistry indicate?

A

at least double or over 20 over or under

21
Q

What can cause high ALT?

A
  • primary hepatopathy
  • secondaary to cholestasis
  • artefact
  • muscle damage
22
Q

If a patient has muscle damage what enzyme would you check on biochemistry?

A

creatinine kinase

23
Q

What are the markers of hepatocellular damage?

A

ALT, AST, GLDH, SDH

24
Q

What are the markers of cholestasis?

A

ALP, GGT

25
Q

What are the function markers for substances produced in the liver?

A

cholesterole, urea, glucose, albumin, some globulins, coagulation factors

26
Q

What are the function markers for substances conjugated and exreted by the liver?

A

bile acids and bilirubin

27
Q

What are primary causes of hepatocellular disease?

A
  • trauma
  • toxins
  • drugs
  • inflammation/infection
  • neoplasia
  • intrahepatic cholestasis
  • bile toxicity
28
Q

What happens if hepatic function decreases?

A

the liver cannot make them

29
Q

Which levels increase if hepatic function is decreased?

A

bilirubin and bile acids

30
Q

What levels decrease is hepatic function is decreased?

A

albumin, chlesterol, urea, glucose, clotting factors

31
Q

What is a feature of xylitol poisoning?

A

hypoglycaemia

32
Q

What is a serious complication with xylitol poisoning?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

33
Q

What is lymphopaenia?

A

decreased lymphocytes

34
Q

What does SMILED mean?

A

Stress leukogram, Neutrophilia, Monocytosis, Lymphoaenia, Eosinopaenia

35
Q

What are ancanthocytes exclusively seen in?

A

artefact

36
Q

What does microcytic mean?

A

small

37
Q

What does ansocytosis mean?

A

without the same cell size

38
Q

What is azotaemia?

A

marked urea and creatinine, either or

39
Q

What is hyponatraemia?

A

mild sodium loss

40
Q

What is hyperkalaemia?

A

mild increase in potassium

41
Q

What is hypochloraemia?

A

mild decrease in chloride

42
Q

What does ingestion of anti-freeze (ethylene glycol) cause?

A

acute kidney disease

43
Q

What is goiter?

A

swelling in the thyroid

ACVN - MEDICAL NURSING (22 decks)

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