The Pulmonary System: Atelectasis Flashcards
(23 cards)
Atelectasis refers to
incomplete expansion of the lungs in infants (neonatal atelectasis) or to the collapse of a previously inflated lung in children or adults (acquired atelectasis)
Four causes/ classifications of atelectasis
- reabsorption atelectasis
- alveolar collapse atelectasis
- compressive atelectasis
- contraction atelectasis
Risk factors for alveolar collapse atelectasis
anesthesia, prolonged bed rest or shallow breathing, premature birth
can be caused by obstruction by a _____, ___ or ___. (Obstuction atelectasis)
foreign object, mucus, or tumor
Contraction atelectasis is caused by ____-
inflammatory lung diseases
Compressive atelectasis is caused by:
fluid or gas in the pleural space
Symptoms of Atelectasis:
Complications:
shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, low-grade fever
Complications: Pneumonia
Evaluation for atelectasis
History and physical examination, CRX, CT, etc.
Reabsorption (obstruction) atelectasis happens when:
there is complete obstruction results in reabsorption of oxygen in lobe/whole lung while maintaining negative intrapleural pressure;
lung volume decreases and trachea deviates towards the affected lung;
Reabsorption Atelectasis is reversible by____
removing obstruction and reinflating
In an Xray, atelectic lung tissues is ____ because of increased ______ caused by loss of air. The trachea is deviated toward the affected lung
white, tissue density
Alveolar atelectasis occurs when there is insufficient ___
surfactant
surfactant lowers surface tension within alveoli, keeping them inflated, so ____________ results in collapse
insufficient surfactant
Inadequate ventilation of a lung or part of a lung (NOT cause by obstruction) results in ________-
absorption of alveolar air and collapse of the alveoli
Depending on the amount of ____ affected either will not cause tracheal deviation or it will deviate____ the affected lung
lung tissue; towards
Alveolar actelectasis is reversible by providing ______, increasing ______
surfactant, increasing depth of ventilation
In Compressive atelectasis, the ______ becomes filled with tumor, air, or fluid, compressing lung tissue
pleural cavity
If the pleural space becomes filled it pushes the mediastinum away- the trachea deviates _____ from the affected area
away from
Compressive atelectasis is reversible with removal of ______
compressing mass
acute or slow growth of compressive atelectasis with air or fluid? with tumor growth?
acute; slower
Contraction Atelectasis is associated with ____ changes of the lungs or pleura that prevent full expansion of the lung
fibrotic– ( contract the ling to a smaller volume)
Contraction atelectasis is a ___, ___ process. Interpleural space created during contraction will fill with fluid, therefor no tracheal deviation
slow, chronic
in contraction actelectatis reversible?
No