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ANAPHY > THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the __________

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

Organs of the respiratory system

A

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs-alveoli

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3
Q

Where are olfactory receptors located?

A

Mucosa on the superior surface

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4
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with?

A

Respiratory mucosa

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5
Q

Respiratory mucosa functions:

A

Moistens air, Traps incoming foreign particles

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6
Q

Lateral walls of nasal cavity have projections called ________________

A

Conchae

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7
Q

Functions of conchae:

A

Increases surface area, Increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity

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8
Q

What separates nasal cavity from oral cavity?

A

Palate

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9
Q

Anterior hard palate=

A

Bone

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10
Q

Posterior soft palate

A

Muscle

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11
Q

Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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12
Q

Functions of the sinuses

A

Lighten the skull, Act as resonance chambers for speech, Produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

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13
Q

Paranasal sinuses:

A

Frontal sinuses, Ethmoid sinuses, Sphenoid sinuses, Maxillary sinuses

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14
Q

Muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx

A

Pharynx (throat)

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15
Q

Three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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16
Q

Superior region behind nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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17
Q

Middle region behind mouth

A

Oropharynx

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18
Q

Inferior region attached to larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Common passageways for air and food

A

Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Where do auditory tubes enter?

A

nasopharynx

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21
Q

Tonsils of the pharynx:

A

Pharyngeal tonsils, Palatine tonsils, Lingual tonsils

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22
Q

Routes air and food into proper channels, which also plays a role in speech

A

LARYNX

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23
Q

Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis

A

Larynx

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24
Q

Largest hyaline cartilage, which protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)

A

Thyroid cartilage

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25
Superior opening of the larynx
Epiglottis
26
Routes food to the larynx and air toward the trachea
Epiglottis
27
Vibrate with expelled air to create sound (speech)
Vocal cords
28
Opening between vocal cords
Glottis
29
Connects larynx with bronchi
Trachea
30
Trachea is lined with _______________
Ciliated mucosa
31
Walls are reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage
Trachea
32
Formed by division of the trachea
Primary bronchi
33
Primary bronchi enter the lung at the ________________
hilus (medial depression)
34
Occupy most of the thoracic cavity
LUNGS
35
Left lung - _____ lobes
two
36
Right lung - ______ lobes
three
37
What covers the lung surface?
Pulmonary (visceral) pleura
38
What lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
39
This fills the area between layers of pleura to allow gliding
Pleural fluid
40
Respiratory tree divisions
Primary bronch, Secondary bronchi, Tertiary bronchi, Bronchioli, Terminal bronchioli
41
Smallest branches of the bronchi
Bronchioles
42
Site of gas exchange
Respiratory zone
43
Structure of alveoli:
Alveolar duct, Alveolar sac, Alveolus
44
Thin squamous epithelial layer lining alveolar walls, which is also called air-blood barrier
Respiratory membrane
45
Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by diffusion
Gas exchange
46
Moving air in and out of the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation
47
Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
External respiration
48
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
Respiratory gas transport
49
Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
Internal respiration
50
Two phases of pulmonary ventilation
Inspiration, Expiration
51
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract; The size of the thoracic cavity increases; External air is pulled into the lungs due to an increase in intrapulmonary volume
Inspiration
52
Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity
Exhalation
53
Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary actions
Nonrespiratory Air movements
54
Examples of nonrespiratory air movements:
Cough and sneeze, laughing, crying, yawn, hiccup
55
Normal breathing moves about _____ ml of air with each breath
500
56
Factors that affect respiratory capacity:
A person's size, Sex, Age, Physical condition
57
After exhalation, about 1200 ml of air remains in the lungs
Residual volume of air
58
Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume (2100-3200 ml)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
59
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled (1200 ML)
Expiratory reserve volume
60
Air in lung after expiration (about 1200 ml)
Residual volume
61
The total amount of exchangeable air
Vital capacity
62
Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone (350 ml)
Functional volume
63
Respiratory capacities are measured with a ___________
Spirometer
64
Respiratory sounds are monitored with a ___________
Stethoscope
65
Produced by air rushing through trachea and bronchi
Bronchial sounds
66
Soft sounds of air filling alveoli
Vesicular breathing sounds
67
Oxygen movement into the blood
Oxygen moves by diffusion towards the area of lower concentration
68
Where is oxygen attached to during gas transport in the blood
hemoglobin
69
Carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma as ________________
bicarbonate ion
70
Exchange of gases between blood and body cells
Internal respiration
71
Oxygen is loaded into the blood, and carbon dioxide is unloaded
External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange)
72
Oxygen is unloaded and carbon dioxide is loaded into the blood
Internal respiration
73
What transmit the activity of respiratory muscles to the brain?
Phrenic and intercostal nerves
74
Normal respiratory rate is also called __________ (12-15 respirations per minute)
eupnea
75
It is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs
Hypernia
76
Controls rate and depth
Medulla
77
Smooth out respiratory rate
Pons
78
(Increased or decreased) carbon dioxide increases respiration
Increased
79
Major causes of death and disability in the US, which is an exemplified chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
80
People with COPD suffer with labored breathing which is also called _____________
Dyspnea
81
Alveoli enlarge as adjacent chambers break through; Chronic inflammation promotes lung fibrosis; Cyanosis appears late in the disease
Emphysema
82
Mucosa of the lower respiratory passages become severely inflamed; Mucus production increases; Pooled mucus impairs ventilation and gas exchange; pneumonia is common; Hypoxia and cyanosis occur early
Chronic bronchitis
83
Accounts for 1/3 of all cancer deaths in the US
Lung cancer
84
Three common types of lung cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Small cell carcinoma
85
Apparently healthy infant stops breathing and dies during sleep
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
86
Chronic inflamed hypersensitive bronchiole passages
Asthma
87
Lungs are not fully inflated with air until ____ weeks after birth
two
88
Over secretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system
Cystic fibrosis
89
Respiratory rate changes of newborns:
40-80 respirations per minute
90
Respiratory rate changes of infants
30 respirations per minute
91
Respiration rate changes of age 5
25 respirations per minute
92
Respiratory rate changes of adults
12-18 respirations per minute

ANAPHY (8 decks)

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