The role of Oliver Cromwell Flashcards
(11 cards)
Who was Oliver Cromwell in the early 1640s?
A relatively unknown MP and Puritan, who rose through the ranks during the First Civil War to become a skilled military commander.
What was Cromwell’s role in the New Model Army?
He was second-in-command (Lieutenant-General of Horse) and a key figure in its creation and success at Naseby (1645).
What battle was a turning point in Cromwell’s military career?
Battle of Marston Moor (1644) – his cavalry played a decisive role, enhancing his reputation.
What were Cromwell’s views on Charles I during the First Civil War?
Initially supported a negotiated settlement but became increasingly distrustful of Charles’s motives.
How did Cromwell respond to the failure of negotiations with Charles I?
He became disillusioned, especially after the Engagement with the Scots (1647) and the Second Civil War (1648).
What was Cromwell’s reaction to the Second Civil War?
He saw Charles as a “man of blood” who betrayed the nation and believed justice must be served.
What was Pride’s Purge (1648) and Cromwell’s role?
Cromwell was not present but approved of the purge that removed MPs opposed to the king’s trial.
What was Cromwell’s view on executing Charles I?
Though initially reluctant, he came to see execution as necessary for justice and to prevent further conflict.
When was Charles I executed, and what was Cromwell’s involvement?
30 January 1649 – Cromwell signed the death warrant and was instrumental in pushing the trial forward.
What were Cromwell’s main political and religious beliefs?
He was a Puritan who supported liberty of conscience in religion and believed in God’s providence guiding events.
How did Cromwell justify his actions against Charles I?
By claiming divine justice and arguing that the king’s betrayal and bloodshed warranted punishment.
