The Special Senses (Hearing)

Question 1

What is the ear involved with

Answer 1

Hearing and balance

Question 2

What are the general structures of the ear

Answer 2

The external ear, the middle ear, the inner ear

Question 3

What are the parts of the external ear

Answer 3

Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane

Question 4

What is the Pinna do

Answer 4

it collects sounds

Question 5

What does the External Auditory Canal do

Answer 5

Funnels sound into the ear

Question 6

What does the tympanic membrane (Eardrum) do

Answer 6

transfers sound into the middle ear

Question 7

Bones of the middle ear

Answer 7

Auditory Ossicles

Question 8

What are the auditory ossicles and what does it do

Answer 8

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes; increase the force of the sound

Question 9

What do the auditory Ossicles do

Answer 9

Conduct sound from the tympanic membrane o the oval window at the inner ear

Question 10

What is the tympanic reflex

Answer 10

it holds te auditory ossicles from stabbing into the inner ear and protects it from loud sounds, using the small skeletal muscles attached to the auditory ossicles

Question 11

What connects the middle ears to the throat

Answer 11

Auditory tubes (Pharyngotympanic Tubes)

Question 12

What is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic tubes (auditory tubes)

Answer 12

Helps maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Question 13

What are the parts of the Inner Ear

Answer 13

Labyrinth
Vetibule
Semicircular Canals
Cochlea

Question 14

What is special about the inner ear

Answer 14

it is filled with fluid

Question 15

The Bony and membranous channels of the inner ear

Answer 15

Labyrinth

Question 16

Central egg-shaped cavity of the labyrinth

Answer 16

Vestibule

Question 17

3 rings of bone and membranous tissue that extend from the posterior of the vesitibule

Answer 17

Semicircular Canals

Question 18

Bony chamber that resembles a snail shell, extends from the anterior of the vestibule

Answer 18

Cochlea

Question 19

Receptor organ for hearing

Answer 19

The Organ of Corti

Question 20

Pressure disturbance originating from a vibrating object and propagated by the molecules that it disturbs (e.g. air, water)

Answer 20

Sound

Question 21

Number of waves passing a point in a specified period of time

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

The higher the frequency, the higher

Answer 22

the pitch

Question 23

The higher the frequency, the shorter

Answer 23

the sound waves

Question 24

The intensity of the sound

Answer 24

Amplitude

Question 25

The higher the amplitude, the

Answer 25

louder it sounds

Question 26

What is the transmission of sound to the inner ear (travel of impulse to inner ear)

Answer 26

Sound waves go into the pinna-> External Auditory Canal-> Hits Tympanic Membrane-> Vibrates malleus->hits incus-> vibrates stapes -> Hits oval window

Question 27

The ossicles of the inner ear do what to sound waves

Answer 27

they amplify the sound waves

Question 28

In the inner ear, pressure of the what on the what causes movment of fluid in the inner ear

Answer 28

stapes; oval window

Question 29

How do cochlear hair cells work in the organ of corti

Answer 29

they are stiff and will move due to fluid pressure from the sound waves

Question 30

The further the hair cells from the oval window

Answer 30

the lower the frequency they detect

Question 31

How do you hear, what is the path that hearing impulses take

Answer 31

They travel in the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerves ->medulla oblongata -> midbrain-> Thalamus -> Temporal Lobes of Cerebrum

Question 32

Patches of Hair cells that detect fluid movement or gravity

Answer 32

Macula

Question 33

Alone, the Macula detects

Answer 33

Static Equilibrium

Question 34

As part of the Crista Ampullaris, the Macula detects

Answer 34

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 35

Monitors the position of the head

Answer 35

Static Equilibirum

Question 36

What does static Equilibrium do

Answer 36

It uses gravity to help control posture and monitors the position of the head

Question 37

Organ of static Equilibrium and where is it located

Answer 37

Macula; vestibule

Question 38

Control of balance when the head and/or body are moved or rotated suddenly

Answer 38

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 39

Organ of Dynamic Equilibrium and where is it located

Answer 39

Crista Ampullaris, ampullae of semicircular canals

Question 40

What are other parts of your body that can help maintain equilibrium

Answer 40

Eyes and proprioceptors associated with certain joints

Question 41

What is the equilibrium pathway, how does the impulse travel

Answer 41

1) . Vestibulocochlear Nerve -> Vestibular Nuclear Complex in Brain Stem 2) . Vestibulocochlear Nerve -> Cerebellum