The Special Senses (Taste and Smell)

Question 1

What does taxare mean

Answer 1

to test; stands for sense of taste

Question 2

What are the chemoreceptors found primarily in the oral cavity on the tongue

Answer 2

Taste receptors

Question 3

Taste receptors can also be found in the

Answer 3

cheeks, soft palate, epiglottis and pharynx

Question 4

Sensor receptor organs for taste

Answer 4

Taste Buds

Question 5

Where can taste buds be found and what are they made of

Answer 5

Papillae (tiny elevations on the tongue), receptor and supporting cells

Question 6

What are the receptor cells of gustation

Answer 6

Gustatory Cells

Question 7

What does gustation mean?

Answer 7

Taste

Question 8

Gustatory cells have what which are sensitive to chemicals that are what

Answer 8

hairs; hydrophilic compounds (dissolved in water)

Question 9

How do the gustatory cells send impulses to the brain

Answer 9

the taste hairs have recpetor sites to which chemicals bind and trigger impulses tha go to the brain

Question 10

What are the four primary kinds of taste cells and where are they located

Answer 10

Sweet- near tip of tongue
Sour- edges of tongue
Salty- tip and upper front of tongue
Bitter- towards back of tongue

Question 11

What are some examples of sweet things

Answer 11

table sugar, saccharin, some amino acids, and lead salts

Question 12

What are some examples of sour things

Answer 12

vinegar, lemon juice

Question 13

What are some examples of salty things

Answer 13

inorganic salts such as NaCl (table salt)

Question 14

What are some examples of bitter things

Answer 14

Caffeine, quinine, nicotine, strychnine, aspirin

Question 15

What are the 3 nerve fibers that sensory impulses from the taste receptors travel on

Answer 15

Facial nerve (7), Glossopharyngeal (9), Vagus (10)

Question 16

What impulses does the facial nerve get

Answer 16

impulses from he front of the tongue (sweet but also salty and sour)

Question 17

What impulses does the glossopharyngeal nerve get

Answer 17

impulses from the back of the tongue (bitter)

Question 18

What impulses does the vagus nerve get

Answer 18

Impulses from the epiglottis and pharynx (more bitter impulses)

Question 19

What is the process of actually tasting (path impulses take)

Answer 19

Cranial nerves->medulla oblongata-> Thalamus->gustatory cortex in parietal lobes of cerebrum

Question 20

What do “hot” (e.g. chili peppers) do in the mouth

Answer 20

they excite pain receptors (kills cells)

Question 21

What percentage of taste is smell

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

What is the sense of smell

Answer 22

Olfaction

Question 23

What is the organ of smell

Answer 23

Olfactory Epithelium

Question 24

Where are the olfactory epithelium located and what are they composed of

Answer 24

the roof of the nasal cavity; receptor and supporting cells

Question 25

Bipolar neurons with cilia that respond to lipid-soluble (hydrophobic) chemicals

Answer 25

Olfactory receptor cells

Question 26

Cilia on olfactory receptors

Answer 26

Olfactory hairs

Question 27

How are they similar to taste hairs

Answer 27

they are nonmotile and with receptor sites

Question 28

What do olfactory glands produce that cover the receptor cells and how does this work with smelling

Answer 28

Mucus; odors dissolve in the mucus

Question 29

Olfactory impulses result from what combining with specific site on the cilia of the receptor cells

Answer 29

various gaseous molecules

Question 30

There are 7 of these that the smell of something is based on by which of these or which combination of these is stimulated

Answer 30

primary odors

Question 31

What are the 7 primary odors

Answer 31

``` 1~Camphoraceous= (camphor oil) 2~ musky=(musk) 3~ floral= (flowers) 4~ pepperminty= (peppermint) 5~ etheral= (ether) 6~ pungeant= (spices) 7~ Putrid= (smell of decaying flesh or rotten food) ```

Question 32

Pain receptors provide the smell of what

Answer 32

Sharp (ammonia) Hot (Chili Peppers) Chill (Menthol)

Question 33

What is special about Olfactory receptors

Answer 33

they adapt quickly

Question 34

What happens to olfactory receptors if they are often damaged by environmental factors

Answer 34

they are not replaced

Question 35

What is the process of smelling (what path do the smell impulses take)

Answer 35

olfactory receptors -> olfactory nerves -> along olfactory tract -> olfactory bulbs -> to either olfactory cortex (to determine what it is) or limbic system (to determine how to respond to the smell)