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MRCEM Primary > The thigh anatomy > Flashcards

The thigh anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What action do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh mostly act to do?

A

Leg extension at the knee.

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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3
Q

What is the arterial supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral artery

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4
Q

What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

Thigh flexion at hip.

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the poses major?

A

Anterior rami of L1-L3

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

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7
Q

What 4 muscles does the quadriceps femoris consist of?

A

The 3 vastus muscles + rectus femoris.

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8
Q

What is the function of vastus lateralis?

A

Leg extension at the knee

(also stabilises patella)

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9
Q

What is the innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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10
Q

What is the function of vastus intermedius?

A

Extension of leg at knee

(also stabilises patella)

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11
Q

What is the innervation of vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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12
Q

What is the function of vastus medalis?

A

Extension of leg at knee

(also stabilises patella)

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13
Q

What is the innervation of vastus medalis?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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14
Q

What is the function of rectus femoris?

A

Extension of leg at knee
Flexion of thigh at hip

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15
Q

What is the innervation of rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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16
Q

What is the function of sartorius at the hip joint?

A

Thigh flexion, abduction and lateral rotation.

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17
Q

What is the function of sartorius at the knee joint?

A

Leg flexion

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18
Q

What is the innervation of sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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19
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas
3 vastus muscles + rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris)
Sartorius
Pectineus

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20
Q

What is the function of pectineus?

A

Hip adduction and flexion

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21
Q

What is the innervation of pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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22
Q

Where do the cutaneous arteries of the anterior thigh arise from?

A

Femoral artery

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23
Q

Where are the superficial inguinal nodes located?

A

In a line directly below the inguinal ligament.

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24
Q

Which areas do the superficial inguinal nodes drain?

A

Penis
Scrotum
Perineum
Buttocks
Abdominal wall

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25
Q

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

A

On the medial aspect of the femoral vein.

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26
Q

Which areas are drained by the deep inguinal nodes?

A

Deep lymphatic trunks of the thigh

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27
Q

Where are the superficial sub-inguinal nodes located?

A

On each side of the proximal section of the great saphenous vein.

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28
Q

Which areas are drained by the superficial sub-inguinal nodes?

A

Superficial lymphatic vessels of the lower leg.

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29
Q

Which veins form the great saphenous vein?

A

Dorsal venous arches of the foot + dorsal vein of great toe.

30
Q

Which side of the leg does the great saphenous vein ascend up?

A

Medial side

31
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein pass in relation to the medial malleolus?

A

Passes anteriorly to medial malleolus

32
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein pass in relation to the medial condyle of the knee?

A

Passes posteriorly to the medial condyle of the knee

33
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein terminate?

A

Immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament.

34
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein (within the femoral triangle)

35
Q

Which structures are contained within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

36
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

A fascial compartment

37
Q

What is the femoral sheath a continuation of?

A

Extraperitoneal fascia

38
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

39
Q

Where can the femoral artery be palpated?

A

At the mid-inguinal point (half way between ASIS and pubic symphysis)

40
Q

Muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are known as what?

A

Hip adductors.

41
Q

Name the muscles which make up the medial compartment of the thigh.

A

Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus

42
Q

What is the innervation of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

43
Q

What is the arterial supply of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator artery

44
Q

What are the 2 components of the adductor Magnus?

A

Hamstring
Adductor

45
Q

What is the function of the hamstring portion of the adductor Magnus?

A

Thigh adduction + thigh extension

46
Q

What is the function of the adductor portion of the adductor Magnus?

A

Thigh adduction + thigh flexion

47
Q

What is the innervation of the hamstring portion of the adductor Magnus?

A

Tibial component of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

48
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor portion of the adductor Magnus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

49
Q

What is the function of the adductor longus?

A

Thigh adduction

50
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

51
Q

What is the function of the adductor brevis?

A

Thigh adduction

52
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

53
Q

What is the function of the obturator externus?

A

Thigh adduction + thigh lateral rotation

54
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

55
Q

What is the function of the gracilis?

A

Thigh adduction at hip
Leg flexion at knee

56
Q

What is the innervation of the gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

57
Q

What is the test which checks integrity of adductor longus, brevis and Magnus?

A

Adductor squeeze test.

58
Q

When is the adductor squeeze test positive?

A

If the patient complains of pain in the adductor muscles or bone pain at the anterior and medial pelvic ring.

59
Q

What are muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh known as?

A

The hamstrings

60
Q

What are the muscles present in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

61
Q

What is the combined action of the hamstrings?

A

Hip extension
Knee flexion

62
Q

What is the innervation of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

63
Q

What is the function of the biceps femoris?

A

Knee flexion (mainly)

Also hip extension + hip and knee lateral rotation

64
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head = tibial part of sciatic nerve
Short head = common fibular part of sciatic nerve

65
Q

What is the function of the semitendinosus?

A

Knee flexion (mainly)

Also hip extension + hip and knee lateral rotation

66
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

67
Q

What is the function of the semimembranosus?

A

Knee flexion (mainly)
Hip extension
Knee + hip medial rotation

68
Q

What is the innervation if the semimembranosus?

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

69
Q

What is the femoral canal?

A

An anatomical compartment located in the anterior thigh.

70
Q

Where is the opening of the femoral canal?

A

At it’s superior border (the femoral ring)

71
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

Lymphatic vessels (draining deep inguinal nodes)
Deep lymph node (lacunar node)
Empty space
Loose connective tissue

72
Q

What is the purpose of the empty space within the femoral canal?

A

Empty space allows for distension of the femoral vein so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure

MRCEM Primary (39 decks)

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