Theme 4 Anatomy Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
what are the boundaries of the ITF
A
Medial- lateral pterygoid plate
Lateral- ramus and coronoid process of mandible
Superior- infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid and squamous part of temporal
Anterior- posterior wall of maxilla
Posterior- styloid process
2
Q
what are the contents of the ITF
A
lateral and medial pterygoid muscle v3 v2 chorda tympani maxillary artery & br maxillary vein & br otic ganglion
3
Q
how many heads does the medial & lateral pterygoid have
A
2- superficial and deep
2- inferior and superior
4
Q
what are the attachment of the medial pterygoid
A
medial aspect of lateral pteryoid plate
maxillary tuberosity superiorly
medial part of ramus
inf border of the angle of mandible
5
Q
what is the action of the medial pterygoid
A
elevates mandible (jaw closing cycle)
protrusion of mandible
lateral movements of mandible
(slide movements)
6
Q
what is the action of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid
A
protractor
7
Q
what is the action of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid
A
elevate jaw- active in the last part of the jaw closing cycle helping to locate the head of the mandible into the mandibular fossa
8
Q
what is the function generally of the anterior division of v3
A
mainly motor to muscles of mastication except for long buccal which is sensory
9
Q
what is the function generally of the posterior divisions of v3
A
mainly sensory except for the n to mylohyoid which is motor
10
Q
what are the posterior divisions of v3
A
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar
auriculotemporal nerve
nerve to mylohyoid (motor)
11
Q
wheres are the first 2 parts of the maxillary artery
A
in infratemporal fossa
12
Q
where is the 3rd part of the maxillary artery
A
ptyerygopalatine fossa
13
Q
what are the br of 1st part of maxillary artery
A
inf alveolar
middle meningeal
14
Q
where does the ptyergoid plexus drain
A
retromandibular vein
15
Q
which fo does the inf alveolar n enter mandible
A
mandibular fo
16
Q
what is the function of the inf alveolar n
A
sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth
17
Q
what fo does the inf alveloar exit the skull via and what nerve does it give rise to
A
mental fo
mental nerve
18
Q
what does the mental n supply
A
skin & mucous membrane of the lower lip
19
Q
what is the function of the lingual nerve
A
sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
20
Q
what does the chorda typani do
A
carries taste
innervates sublingual and submandibular glands
21
Q
how is does the chorda tympani involved in ps innervation to . the submandibular/lingual gland
A
preganglionic axons travel to the ganglion in the chorda tympani which joins lingual. they synapse in the submandibular ganglion and post ganglionic axons travel to the gland
22
Q
where are the 2 places of articulation for the TMJ
A
between the maxillary and mandibular teeth
between mandibular condoyle and temporal bone
23
Q
outline the anatomy of the TMJ
A
features of a synovial joint articular surfaces capsule and ligaments articular disc movements of the joints muscles responsible for joint movement nerve and blood supply
24
Q
what are the contents of the TMJ
A
mandibular fossa
mandibular condoyle
articular disc
joint capsule
25
what are the bones involved in the TMJ
condoyle of the mandible & temporal bone
26
what does the articular capsule do
enclosed joint surfaces like a sleeve
27
what does the articular disc do
divides joint cavity into 2 compartments that allows translation movements in the upper compartment and hinge in the lower
shock absorber
28
what is the function of the articular eminence
helps keep joint stable when closed and the head of the mandible must be pulled over it when the jaw is opened more widely
29
wheres do hinge movements occur
lower compartment between condoyle and disc
disc- stationary
condoyle- moves
30
where do translation movements occur
upper compartment between disc and mandibular fossa
| condoyle & disc move together
31
what are the muscles of mastication
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
masseter
temporalis
32
what is the innervation of the medial pteryoid
V3
33
what is the innervation of the lateral ptyergoid
V3
34
what are the attachments of the superior head of the lateral pteyrgoid
infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid to pterygoid fovea and capsule and disc of TMJ
35
what are the attachments of the inferior head of lateral pterygoid
lateral aspect of lateral pteryoid plate to pterygoid fovea on condylar neck
36
what are the attachments of the superficial head masseter
zygomatic process of maxilla, and inferior border of anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch, angle of mandible and lower portion of lateral aspect of ramus
37
what are the attachments of the deep head masseter
inner aspect of zygomatic arch to upper portion of lateral aspect of ramus
38
what is the action of masetter superficial head
elevation of mandible
39
what is the action of masetter deep head
retrusion
40
what is the innervation of masetter
V3
41
what are the attachment of temporalis
Temporal line to temporal crest
Temporal fossa
Overlying temporal fascia
Coronoid process of the mandible down to retromolar fossa
42
what is the action of temporalis
Maintains resting position Elevation of mandbile
| Ipsilateral excursion Retrusion
43
what is the innervation of temporalis
v3
44
how do the infrahyoid muscles assist in jaw opening
stabilise the hyoid bone
45
how do the suprahyoid muscles assist in jaw opening
the depress the mandible directly or by being attached to the hyoid bone
46
what muscles does opening jaw require
lateral pterygoid and ant diagastric
| wider opening- supra and infra hyoid muscles
47
what muscles are involved in jaw closing
masseter, medial pterygoid and temporalis (when against resistance)
48
which muscle is involved in the final stages of jaw closing
superior head of lateral pterygoid
49
what are the ligaments involved in the TMJ
lateral tempormandibular liagment
sphenomandibular
stylomandibular
pterygomandibular raphe
50
what are the attachments of the lateral temporomandibular ligament
articular tubercle
| lateral surface of neck of mandible
51
what are the attachments of the sphenomandibular ligament
spine of sphenoid bone
| lingula of mandible above mandibular fo
52
what are the attachments of the stylomandibular ligament
syloid process to angle of mandible
53
what are the attachments of the ptergomandibular raphe
Tip of the hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to posterior end of mylohyoid line
54
outline jaw opening and closing cycle
- Rest position with a 5mm freeway space
- Opening involves protraction and hinge movements
- Initial opening requires inferior head of lateral pterygoid and anterior digastric
- Wider opening recruits more muscles
- Closing reverses the process, masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis (when closing against resistance) and superior head of lateral pterygoid (to locate condyle)
55
where are preganglionic axons in the sympathetic ns
thoracic or lumbar sc
| thoracolumbar
56
where are preganglionic axons in the parasympathetic ns
brain or sacral spinal cord
| craniosacral
57
what are the axons like parasympathetic ns
preganglionic long
| post ganglionic short
58
what are the axons like sympathetic ns
preganglionic short- synapse in sympathetic chains
| post ganglionic long
59
what are the ps ganglion of the head
ciliary
pterygopalatine
otic
submandibular
60
where do the ps ganglion receive sensory fibres from
v1 v2 or v3
61
where are post sympathetic fibres from
plexus of the nearest carotid arterial branch
62
where is the otic ganglion
infratemporal fossa
63
where is the pterygopalatine ganglion
pterygopalatine fossa
64
where is the submandibular ganglion
floor of the mouth
65
where is the ciliary ganglion
orbit
66
what is the sensory root for the otic ganglion
from parotid gland to otic ganglion via br of the auriocotemporal nerve (br of v3)
67
what is the parasympathetic root for the otic ganglion
CNIX- lesser petrosal nerve (preganglionic) to
68
what is the sympathetic root of the otic ganglion
middle meningeal to parotid gland
69
what are the br of distribution of the otic ganglion
from ganglion to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
70
what the somatic motor root of the otic ganglion
from otic ganglion to medial pterygoid and tensor veli palitini
71
what is the sensory root for the submandibular ganglion
lingual nerve (br of v3)
72
what is the ps root of the submandibular ganglion
CNVII- via chorda tympani and lingual nerves to submandibular and sublingual glands
73
what is the sympathetic root for the submandibular ganglion
from: ext carotid plexus cia lingual and facial arteries
to: submandibular and sublingual glands
74
what is the sensory root for the pterygopalatine ganglion
v2 to targets via br od distribution
75
what is the ps root of the pterygopalatine ganglion
CNVII via pterygoid canal and greater petrosal nerve
76
what is the sympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion
from int carotid plexus via deep petrosal nerve and nerve of pterygoid canal
77
what is the sensory root of the ciliary ganglion
v1 ganglionic branches
78
what is the ps root of the ciliary ganglion
CNIII to motor innervation to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
79
what is the sympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion
from sympathetic plexus of internal carotid artery and opthalmic arteries
80
what are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa
post- sphenoid bone
med- palatine bone
ant-maxilla
lat-pterygomaxillary fissure
81
what are the openings of the pterygopalatine fossa
```
fo rotundum
pterygoid canal
sphenopalatine fo
palatine canal
infraorbital canal
inferior orbital fissure
pterygomaxillary fissure
```
82
what does the fo rotundum transmit
maxillary nerve
83
what does the sphenopalatine fo transmit
nasopalatine nerve, posterior superior nasal nerves and sphenopalatine artery
84
what does the palatine canal transmit
greater and lesser palatine nerves
85
what does the inferior orbital fissure transmit
infraorbital nerves and vessels
86
what does the pteyrgomaxillary fissure transmit
3rd part of maxillary artery
87
what are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa
v2
pterygopalatine ganglion
3rd part of maxillary artery
88
which division of v is sensory
v1 and v2
89
which division of v is motor and sensory
v3
90
through which fo does v3 leave the pterygopalatine fossa
inferior orbital fissure then infraorbital groove
91
what are the br v2
```
Greater and lesser palatine
Lesser
Posterior sup alveolar nerve
Zygomatic nerves
Infraorbital nerve
- Anterior superior alveolar nerve
-Middle superior alveolar nerve
```
92
what nerves are br arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion
greater and lesser palatine nerve
93
what are the zygomatic nerves
zygomaticotemporal
| zygomaticofacial
94
what are the br of distribution from the pterygopaltine ganglion
```
nasopalatine nerve
posterior superior nasal nerves
greater palatine nerves
lesser palatine nerves
pharyngeal nerve
```
95
what are the branches of . the maxillary artery that accompany the br of the maxillary nerve
```
Descending palatine (G+L))
Posterior sup alveolar artery
Infraorbital artery
Artery of pterygoid canal
Sphenopalatine artery
```
96
which part of the maxillary artery enters the ITF
3rd
97
what are the main br of the first part of maxillary artery
middle meningeal
| inferior alveolar
98
what do the br of the maxillary nerve supply
pterygopalatie ganglion
99
What is the path of the nasopalatine nerve ?
enters the nasal cavity through sphenopalatine Fo.
Passes along the roof of the nasal cavity
descends to the roof of the oral cavity
passes through the incisive Fo to the hard palate
100
What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate
| ?
the maxillary anterior teeth
101
What are the functions of the nose ?
```
ventilation
olfactory
filtration of the air
drainage of secretions from the paranasal air sinuses
and the nasolacrimal duct
```
102
What is the external nose pierced by ?
2 nasal apertures
103
What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity ?
respiratory pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
104
What separates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa ?
the cribriform plate
105
What is lateral to the lateral wall of the nose ?
ethmoidal air cells
106
What is lateral to the lower half of the nasal wall ?
The maxillary air sinus
107
What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
the hard palate
108
What makes up the hard palate ?
palatine process of the maxilla
| horizontal plane of the palatine bone
109
What do the nostrils lead to anteriorly ?
The vestibule
110
What makes the roof of the nasal cavity ?
sphenoid bone
cribriform plate
nasal spine of the frontal bone
111
of what bone is the cribriform plate a part of ?
the ethmoid bone
112
What are the conchae ?
3 scroll like elevations from the lateral wall of the nose
113
The superior and middle conchae are extensions of which bone ?
the ethmoid bone
114
What do the conchae overly ?
meati
115
What is the space above the superior concha ?
the sphenoethmoidal recess
116
What is the nasal septum made of ?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the
| vomer (post)
117
What do secretions from nasal mucosa drain through ?
ostia
118
What is hiatus semilunaris ?
a curved depression in the middle meatus
119
What is bulla ethmoidalis ?
a swelling superior to the hiatus semilunaris
120
Which sinus is the biggest ?
maxillary
121
What is the roof of the maxillary sinus ?
floor of the orbit
122
What is the floor of the maxillary sinus ?
the palatine process of maxilla
123
Why can sinusitis manifest as toothache ?
maxillary air sinus and teeth have a common nerve supply
124
What does the maxillary air sinus drain into ?
hiatus semilunaris and the middle meatus
125
Where is the ostium of the maxillary air sinus ?
high up in the medial wall of the nose
126
Where is the frontal sinus ?L
Lies in the frontal bone and behind the supercilairy arches
127
What does the frontal sinus drain into ?
hiatus semilunaris
| middle meatus
128
What is superior to the sphenoidal air sinus ?
the pituitary fossa
129
What does the sphenoidal air sinus drain into ?
sphenoethmoidal recess
130
Where are the ostia of the sphenoidal air sinus ?
in the body of the sphenoid
131
What are the types of ethmoidal air cells ?
anterior
middle
posterior
132
Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain into ?
middle meatus - hiatus semilunaris
133
Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into ?
superior meatus
134
Where do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain into ?
middle meatus
135
What are the articular surfaces of the TMJ and the disc made of ?
fibrocartilage
136
What are the structures related to the deep surface of the parotid gland ?
styloid process and stylopharyngeus , styloglossus and stylohyoid.
upper parts of the carotid sheath
137
which 2 muscles attach to the lateral pterygoid plate
medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
| small part of buccinator
138
of which larger nerve is the lingual nerve a branch
v3
139
what muscle attaches to the angle of the mandible
medial pterygoid
140
which muscle attaches to the outer surface of the mandible
masseter
141
which muscle attaches to the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
superior head of the lateral pterygoid
142
what muscle attaches to the digastric fossa
anterior belly of digastric
143
does the anterior digastric muscle have an affect of the tempromandibular joint
yes it actively opens the joint
144
what is the innervation of the anterior digastric
v3
145
of which larger artery is the inferior alveolar artery a branch
maxillary
146
which bone is the mandibular fossa apart of
temporal
147
where is the squamotympanic fissure
lies in the temporal bone
148
what are the attachments of the articular disc within the cavity of the TMJ
capsule of the joint
| squamotympanic fissure and neck of mandible
149
what is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve
sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth via its mental branch to the mucous membrane of the lip
150
name the bones that form the floor of the nasal cavity
```
palatine bone (horizontal plate)
palatine process of maxilla
```
151
what does the specialised olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity do
detect odours
152
what does the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity do
filter air
153
what do meatus do
increase SA to warm and moisten incoming air
154
what are the attachments of the articular disc within the cavity of the TMJ
capsule of the joint
| squamotympanic fissure and neck of mandible
155
what is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve
sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth via its mental branch to the mucous membrane of the lip
156
name the bones that form the floor of the nasal cavity
```
palatine bone (horizontal plate)
palatine process of maxilla
```
157
what does the specialised olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity do
detect odours
158
what does the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity do
filter air
159
what do meatus do
increase SA to warm and moisten incoming air
160
what lines the nasal cavity within the sphenoethmoidal recess
olfactory epithelium
161
what is the remainder of the nasal cavity lined with
ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium
162
what nerves pass through the ethmoid bone
olfactory nerves
163
what structures do the olfactory nerves innervate
olfactory epithelium
164
what type of epithelium lines the maxillary sinus
ciliated columnar respiratory type epithelium
165
112. What is the clinical importance of the maxillary sinus
Infection spread- roots of molar teeth project into the maxillary sinus. Also danger when extracting teeth creating and oral-antral fistula or the extracted tooth ending up in the sinus. Maxialla relationships with surrounding bones provides routes for further spreads of infection to the orbit and interior of the skull
166
what does the infraorbital canal transmit
infraorbital nerves and vessels
167
what does the pterygoid canal transmit
nerve of pterygoid canal
168
Define the three parts of the maxillary artery
The first part form its origin from the external carotid artery to the inferior border of the lateral pterygoid
Second part- passing either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle
Third part- pterygopalatine fossa
169
How does this explain why your nose runs when you cry
The nasolacrimal duct drains tears from the eye
170
Where does the maxillary sinus drain
Hiatus semilunaris within the middle meatus
171
List the structures that drain into the space inferior to the middle concha
Frontal sinus, anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells and the maxillary sinus
172
Which nerve provides most of the sensory innervation for the nasal septum?
Nasopalatine nerve
| Small contribution from anterior ethmoidal nerve
173
how does the nasopalatine nerve reach the nasal septum
sphenopalatine fo
174
Name the structure that drains into the inferior meatus
Nasolacrimal duct
175
List the relationships of the maxillary sinus.
The maxillary sinus is located inferior to the orbit and lateral to the nasal cavities.
Its floor is related to the alveolar process of the maxilla.
The roots of the maxillary teeth project into the sinus, especially in the case of the posterior teeth where there may be only a thin covering of bone over the root.
The ethmoid bone and air sinus are located supero-medial. Along the roof of the sinus is located the infraorbital canal.
176
What nerve follows a similar course to the wire located in the infraorbital canal
V2 – passes out of fo rotundum into pterygopalatine fossa
177
what bones form the lateral wall of the nose
inferior concha
maxilla
ethmoid bone- superior and middle concha
178
Name the parts of the ethmoid bone
Crista galli, cribriform plat, perpendicular plate and body (with its ethmoidal air sinuses, superior and middle conchae
179
List the bones that form the roof of the nasal cavity has anteriorly, posteriorly and in its intermediate part.
Frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid and sphenoid
180
What structures drain into the middle meatus
The frontal air sinus, the anterior and middle ethmoidal air sinuses and the maxillary air sinus
181
List the relationships of the maxillary sinus.
The maxillary sinus is located inferior to the orbit and lateral to the nasal cavities. Its floor is related to the alveolar process of the maxilla. The roots of the maxillary teeth project into the sinus, especially in the case of the posterior teeth where there may be only a thin covering of bone over the root. The ethmoid bone and air sinus are located supero-medial. Along the roof of the sinus is located the infraorbital canal.
182
What is the sensory innervation of the lateral wall of the nose
Antero-superior
Anterior ethmoidal nerves (V1)
Postero-superior
Posterior superior alveolar (V2)
Antero-inferior
Anterior superior alveolar nerves (V2)
Postero-inferior
Greater palatine nerves (v2)
183
Name the branches of the pterygopalatine ganglia that provide a sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth and their supporting structures
Nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves
