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theories of Flashcards

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1
Q

FUNCTIONALISTS

A
  • social solidarity (Durkheim)
  • specialist skills (Durkheim)
  • secondary socialisation (Parsons)
  • sifting and sorting (Davis & Moore)
  • bridge (Parsons)
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2
Q

MARXISM

A
  • social control (Althusser)
  • specialist skills (Bowles & Gintis)
  • secondary socialisation (Bowles & Gintis)
  • sifting and sorting (Bowles & Gintis)
  • anti-school subculture (Willis)
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3
Q

FEMINISM

A
  • social control
  • secondary socialisation
  • specialist skills
  • sifting and sorting
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4
Q

new right

A

encourage privatisation and competition. role of education : socialisation and skills.
worried about: effects of state control, one size fits all, lower standards.

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5
Q

postmodernism

A

barriers like gender and class no longer exist. don’t believe there should be a singular curriculum; economy has changed need active creative workers

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6
Q

What is the functionalist Social Solidarity theory of education?

A

Durkheim: society in miniature, in school children interact with other members and follow fixed rules, preparing them. e.g. learning about shared culture gives sense of solidarity and stops individuals pursuing selfish aims and not cooperating.

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7
Q

Which functionalist sociologist argues the Social Solidarity theory of education

A

Durkheim

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8
Q

Which functionalist theory of education argues that education helps students feel as part of a community?

A

Social Solidarity

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9
Q

What is an evaluation of Social Solidarity as a functionalist theory of education?

A

Ethnocentric curriculum: fails to pass on shared culture- only the dominant one
examples: holidays and history lessons

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10
Q

What is the functionalist Specialist Skills theory of education?

A

Durkheim: individuals need to learn these to take their place in the complex division of labour. Modern, industrial societies require these to perform their roles (jobs)
e.g. punctuality, teamwork, organisation
keeps the economy going

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11
Q

Which functionalist sociologist argues the Specialist Skills theory of education?

A

Durkheim

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12
Q

Which functionalist theory of education teaches students skills and knowledge to perform future roles?

A

Specialist Skills

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13
Q

What is an evaluation of the functionalist Special Skills theory of education?

A

Wolf Review: vocational (work-focused) education - 1/3 of 16-19s were doing courses that don’t lead to higher education/good jobs, ‘NEET’s

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14
Q

What is the functionalist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?

A

Parsons: passes on key norms and values, e.g. meritocracy. school mirrors society as its meritocratic.
education is fair: its free (available for all), qualifications, national curriculum, same criteria to access grades.

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15
Q

Which functionalist sociologist argues the Secondary Socialisation theory of education?

A

Parsons

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16
Q

Which functionalist theory of education passes on norms and values e.g. meritocracy?

A

Secondary Socialisation

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17
Q

What is an evaluation of the functionalist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?

A

Bowles and Gintis: myth of meritocracy- causes the w/c to blame themselves rather than the system

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18
Q

What is the functionalist Sifting and Sorting theory of education?

A

Davis and Moore: role allocation, puts people on career paths they are suited to (abilities and efforts). most able students - high grades - top jobs - high rewards. leads to inequalities in society but acts as an incentive to work hard.

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19
Q

Which functionalist sociologists argues the Sifting and Sorting theory of education?

A

Davis and Moore

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20
Q

Which functionalist theory of education allocates roles, putting people on career paths they’re suited to based on abilities and efforts?

A

Sifting and Sorting

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21
Q

What is an evaluation of the functionalist Sifting and Sorting theory of education?

A

they argue roles are allocated based on abilities and efforts but evidence suggests that class, gender and ethnicity have a significant role in determining achievement.

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22
Q

What is the functionalist Bridge (stretch) theory of education?

A

Parsons: transition from home to work. in society each individual can’t be seen as special like in the home. Particularistic standards vs Universalistic standards.

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23
Q

Which functionalist sociologist argues the Bridge (stretch) theory of education?

24
Q

Which Functionalist theory of education argues that education is a transition from home to work?

Study These Flashcards
A

The Bridge (stretch)

25
What is an evaluation of the Functionalist Bridge (stretch) theory of education?
New Right: lacks contemporary relevance as the system is now failing to help students transition - too many young people of benefits.
26
What is the Marxist Social Control theory of education?
Althusser: ideological state apparatus, brainwashing proletariat to not see their own exploitation, so they don't rebel. hidden curriculum: respecting place in hierarchy, so they comply with capitalism.
27
Which Marxist sociologist argues the Social Control theory of education?
Althusser
28
Which Marxist theory of education argues that education is an ideological state apparatus to stop the proletariat from rebelling?
Social Control
29
What is an evaluation of the Marxist Social Control theory of education?
Functionalist: respecting hierarchy is good for society - makes people work harder to achieve status/move up
30
What is the Marxist Correspondence Principle/Specialist Skills theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis: maintains capitalism by keeping workers obedient, accepting hard work, low pay and authority (passive and docile). school mirrors the workplace: hierarchy, external rewards, competition, dress code, alienation
31
Which Marxist sociologist argues the Correspondence Principle/Specialist Skills theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis
32
Which Marxist theory of education argues that education maintains capitalism by providing passive and docile workers with skills that align to a workplace?
The Correspondence Principle/Specialist Skills
33
What is an evaluation of the Marxist Correspondence Principle/Specialist Skills theory of education?
Postmodernist: society and economy is different, based on services and technology. new kind of worker- active, creative and flexible
34
What is the Marxist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis: passes on capitalistic norms and values, benefiting the bourgeoisie e.g. meritocracy. myth of meritocracy, persuades workers their class position is justified, so they don't challenge, believe their status is their fault. digital divide.
35
Which Marxist sociologists argue the Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis
36
Which Marxist theory of education argues that education passes on capitalistic norms and values and that meritocracy is a myth based on class rather than effort?
Secondary Socialistion
37
What is an evaluation of the Marxist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
they wrongly assume we all conform, w/c students don't always accept the legitimacy of school or capitalist society - Willis' study
38
What is the Marxist Sifting and Sorting theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis: argue education prepares for future roles, but allocation is based on class. obedient students who get the best grades, not non-conformists - education rewards those who conform to expectations/passive and docile.
39
Which Marxist sociologists argue the Sifting and Sorting theory of education?
Bowles and Gintis
40
Which Marxist theory of education argues that pupils aren't allocated roles based on effort and ability but based on class?
Sifting and Sorting
41
What is an evaluation of the Marxist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
outdates: the system no longer shifts students into solely manual labour. loans, grants and access programmes are made to encourage w/c to enter further education
42
What is the Marxist Anti-Subculture theory of education?
Willis: challenges Secondary Socialisation (Bowles and Gintis) studied 12 w/c boys in an Anti-School Subculture - didn't passively accept hidden curriculum, saw through meritocratic ideology. However, still helped capitalism as they ended up doing low paid manual roles that capitalism need to fill
43
Which Marxist sociologist argues the Anti-School Subculture theory of education?
Willis
44
Which Marxist theory of education argues that Anti-School Subcultures still benefit capitalism by providing people to fill manual roles?
Sifting and Sorting
45
What is an evaluation of the Marxist Anti-School Subculture theory of education?
Romanticising the lads, presenting them as w/c heroes despite their anti-social behaviour and sexist attitudes.
46
What is the Feminist Social Control theory of education?
education reinforces patriarchy: through different subject choices women have less access to top jobs. Male gaze and sexual double standards, makes women seen as sexual objects, further controlling their behaviour
47
Which Feminist theory of education argues that education controls women through subject choices, the male gaze and sexual double standards?
Social Control
48
What is an evaluation of the Feminist Social Control theory of education?
Functionalist: too negative, girls are just more naturally suited to different subjects childcare - biological role
49
What is the Feminist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
Education socialises boys and girls into different gender identities: girls- to be passive and communicative. boys - to take prestigious subjects. boys are therefore more likely get best unis/jobs
50
Which Feminist theory of education argues that education socialises girls and boys differently, such as pushing girls to be passive and boys to pick prestigious subjects?
Secondary Socialisation
51
What is an evaluation of the Feminist Secondary Socialisation theory of education?
Marxist: ignores the more important conflict - class, pupils are actually socialised into values of capitalism
52
What is the Feminist Specialist Skills theory of education?
Education does pass on skills, but they are gendered. Boyes- skills for instrumental role. Girls - expressive role (subject choices like health and social care prepare them)
53
Which Feminist theory of education argues that education passes on gendered skills to prepare children for the instrumental and expressive role?
Specialist Skills
54
What is an evaluation of the Feminist Specialist Skills theory of education?
Post modernism: outdated, children now have choices and can learn whatever is best suited to them, gender is no longer a barrier
55
What is the Feminist Sifting and Sorting theory of education?
school prepares boys and girls for their different roles in family/society. girls encouraged to pick feminine subjects, boys - maths and science. reinforces gender inequality. hidden curriculum - pupils taught to accept patriarchy/gender scripts
56
Which Feminist theory of education argues that education prepares children for their different gendered roles in family/society, by encouraging girls to do feminine subjects and boys; maths and science?
Sifting and Sorting
57
What is an evaluation of the Feminist Sifting and Sorting theory of education?
Girls now outperform boys in education and are more likely to go into higher education. GIST & WISE

education - sociology (12 decks)

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