theories of beliefs: marxists Flashcards
(42 cards)
What does capitalism form in Marxist theory?
The economic base that makes up the infrastructure of society.
What is the Marxist view on the existence of religion in society?
Religion is a feature only of class-divided society and will disappear in a classless society.
List two ways Marxists view religion.
- Religion as an ideology
- Religion and alienation
Define ideology in the context of Marxism.
A set of beliefs that serve the interests of a dominant group by justifying their position.
Who does religion benefit according to Marxist ideology?
The ruling class.
What biblical quote illustrates the concept of false consciousness?
‘It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven.’
How does religion create a false consciousness?
It misleads the poor into believing that their suffering is virtuous and that they will be favored in the afterlife.
What is the role of religion as an ideological weapon?
To legitimate the suffering of the poor as something inevitable and God-given.
How does religion justify the power of the ruling class?
By making their position appear to be divinely ordained.
eg: Kings are God’s representation on earth
How does Lenin describe religion?
‘Spiritual gin’ that intoxicates the working class.
What effect does religion have on the working class according to Lenin?
‘mystical fog’ confuses them and keeps them in their place and prevents revolt, obscuring reality.
what is the hymn ‘All things bright and beuatiful’
The rich man in his castle
The poor man at his gate
God made them high and lowly
And ordered their estate
What does the hymn ‘All things Bright and Beautiful’ suggest about religion’s ideological role?
It reflects the idea that God has ordered society’s hierarchy, reinforcing social positions. > this suggests social inequalities are part of God’s plan
What does alienation involve in Marxist theory?
Becoming separated from or losing control over something that one has produced or created.
How is the working class alienated under capitalism?
They do not own what they produce, have no control over the production process, and lack freedom to express their true nature.
What do exploited individuals turn to for consolation under dehumanizing conditions?
Religion.
What does Marx mean by ‘religion is the opium of the people’?
Religion acts as an opiate that dulls the pain of exploitation.
Does religion mask pain or treat its underlying causes?
It masks pain > it ignores the underlying problem which is exploitation
What does religion promise to the exploited?
A better afterlife free from suffering and capitalism.
Is the promise of religion a real solution to earthly misery?
No, it offers illusory happiness.
How does Marx see religion in relation to alienation?
As the product of alienation.
What is socialism?
A political and economic theory advocating that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
What are two similarities between socialism and Christianity according to Engels?
- Both ideologies target the poor
- Both provide a promise of a better life
What is the key difference between Christianity and socialism?
Christianity provides salvation in the afterlife, while socialism offers a better future in this life.
