Theories of Learning Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is Operate conditioning ?
The use of reinforcement, to strengthen the stimilus and reaction bonds.
Who created operate conditioning theory ?
Skinner
Three stages of operate conditioning
1) Antecedent
2) Behaviour
3) Consequence
What is positive reinforcement ?
Whn a pleasant stimulus is given to encourage the likelyhood of the skill being performed correctly again.
( for example - a swimmer reciving praise of his coach for performing the correct leg action. )
What is negative reinforcement ?
Promoting correct actions by removing unpleasant stimulus when action is completed correctly. ( for example - a coach who critisises frequently stopping when the performer is doing the correct thing. )
What is punishment ?
When an unpleasant response occurs due to a stimulus, in order to reduce that stimulus from happening again.
What is Observational Learning ?
This is the learning through watching others.
Who created the Observational Learning theory ?
Albert Bandura
Four stages of observational learning
1) Attention
2) Retention
3) Motor production
4) Motivation
Link observational learning to sport
A coach can use the fact people copy behaviours, to their adavantage by using demonstrations and role models to show skills and tactics in hope they are copied.
Three factors that make a demonstration effective
1) performer needs to be physically capeable
2) performer must be motivated to understand / copy demonstration
3) Demonstration should be able to capture the attention of student/ performer.
What is social development theory ?
A theory that suggests that interation with others plays a vital role in learning. States that learning takes place by social development.
Who created the social development theory ?
Vygotsky
Link social development theory to sport
In relation to sport, it means that skills can be learned from others such as coaches or teachers. ( more knowlageable others )
what does social development theory suggets MKO’s do ?
influence learners by demonstrating actions or values, such as a hard work ethic, healthy life style, or effective communication.
name the process in the social development theory where students learn from their MKO’s
Inter-psychological learning
What can MKO’s offer
( three points )
1) advice
2) feedback
3) tactical understanding
What happens during inter-psychological learning ?
A performer asseses where they are in terms of the zone of proximal development.
Three stages identified by perfomer in the zone of proximal development
1) What can i do alone ?
2) what can i do with help ?
3) what can i not do yet ?
What is insight learning ?
suggests a performer uses existing knowlage to form an idea of how to deal with problematic sporting situations.
Who suggested this theory ?
Gestaltist
Link insight learning to sport
A netball player suddenly realises that by quickly passing and moving into space, they can break through a tight defence — without being directly taught this tactic. They understand the solution through experience and apply it in a game.
