Theorists Flashcards
(12 cards)
Florence Nightingale practiced based therory.
Utilizes the patient’s environment to assist recovery.
Influence of the environment on health and recovery.
Clean, well-ventilated, and quiet environments promote healing.
Summary of the Theory:
Environment Theory of Nursing (mid-1800s).
Nurses configure settings to restore health and support biological processes.
Florence Nightingale Metaparadigm Concepts
Health:
Well-being maintained by controlling the environment.
Nursing:
Nurses provide essential environmental factors (air, cleanliness, comfort).
Person:
Patient influenced by environment, with holistic needs (physical, mental, emotional).
Environment:
Physical, psychological, and social factors impacting recovery (cleanliness, ventilation, nutrition)
Virginia Henderson Needs Theories
Theory:
Definition of Nursing (1955).
Nurses assist individuals in activities that contribute to overall health, including recovery or a “good death.”
The main focus is on increasing patient independence as quickly as possible.
Nursing care applies to individuals who are sick or well, across all settings.
Care is guided by 14 Fundamental Needs that address the physical, psychological, emotional, and social aspects of health.
- Contribute to their health, recovery, or peaceful death.
Hildegard E. Peplau Interactionist Theories-
Theory:
Interpersonal Relations in Nursing (1952).
- Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
- Nursing is seen as a therapeutic process that helps patients develop insight and coping skills through interpersonal interactions.
- The nurse guides the patient through health challenges by fostering trust, communication, and mutual respect
Metaparadigm Concepts for Hildegard E. Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory are:
- Person: The patient is an active participant in their health and has the potential for personal growth through the nurse-patient relationship.
- Environment: The setting in which the nurse & patient interact, including social, cultural, & psychological influences.
- Health: Progress toward well-being through problem-solving & improved coping mechanisms.
- Nursing: A therapeutic, interpersonal process where the nurse helps the patient recognize & address health concerns through a supportive relationship.
Betty Neuman (1924-2022) Systems Theories
Theory: Neuman Systems Model-1974
Key Concepts:
- Focus on stress and stress reduction.
- Primarily concerned with effects of stress on health.
- Stressors are any forces that alter the system’s stability.
- Betty Neuman’s nursing theory, known as the Neuman Systems Model, looks at how individuals interact with stress and the environment to maintain their health.
- Each person is viewed as a system with different parts, like physical, mental, emotional, & social aspects.
- According to Neuman, stressors from the environment can disrupt this balance and cause problems
Sister Callista Roy (1939-) Systems Theories
Theory:
Adaptation Model (1970).
- views individuals as constantly adapting to their environment to maintain balance and health.
- Adaptation – to changes in environmental stressors, physiologic needs, self-concept,
& role function. - In Roy’s model, nurses assess these coping mechanisms and help individuals strengthen them to better manage stressors
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1914-1984)
Simultaneity Theories
- Theory of Human Becoming (1981).
-Rosemarie Parse’s nursing theory, known as the “Human Becoming Theory,” centers on idea that individuals are constantly creating their own realities through their choices & actions.
- Parse emphasizes the importance of understanding each person’s unique perspective & experiences, rather than imposing predefined norms or expectations.
- According to her theory, nurses should focus on being present with patients, listening to
their stories, and supporting them in making choices that align with their values and
goals
Metaparadigm Concepts as Defined by virgina Henderson:
- Person: The recipient of nursing care, viewed as a holistic being with biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual dimensions.
- Environment:
- Includes external factors such as temperature and dangers in the surroundings.
- Acknowledges the impact of community on both the individual and the family. - Health:
- Defined by the patient’s ability to function independently.
- Tied to Henderson’s 14 components of basic nursing care, which outline fundamental needs necessary for health. - Nursing:
- Focuses on attending to the 14 fundamental needs to assist the patient in achieving independence or accompanying them to a peaceful death
Metaparadigm Concepts as Defined by Parse:
Person: Open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts
Environment: Everything about the person and their experiences.
Health: Open process of being and becoming. Involves synthesis of values.
Nursing: Helps individuals achieve a sense of well-being and meaning in their lives, regardless
of their health condition.
Betty Neuman Metaparadigm Concepts
- Person: a system – physiologic, psychologic, sociologic, developmental, spiritual variables in
interaction with internal and external environment. - Environment: all internal and external factors of influence surrounding the client system
- Health: Wellness is equilibrium; continuum of wellness to illness
- Nursing: Nursing interventions are activities to:
= strengthen flexible lines of defense
= strengthen resistance to stressors
= maintain adaptation
Sister Callista Roy Metaparadigm Concepts
- Person: the patient – person receiving care – interact with their physical and social environments & in relationship with the world
- Environment: the variable and constantly changing stimuli to which a person must adapt
- Health: being and becoming a whole person
- Nursing: provides the safety net for patients “walking the tightrope”, offering support and
guidance to help them stay balanced and healthy amidst life’s challenges
