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chem > Thermo Chem > Flashcards

Thermo Chem Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

Across a row

A

Ionisation energy increases
, due to increasing electrostatic attraction across a group

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2
Q

Down a group

A

Ionisation energy decreases, due to decreasing electrostatic attraction

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3
Q

Atomic radius across a row

A

Decreases, as electrons are pulled in closer due to electrostatic attraction

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4
Q

Atomic radius down a group

A

Increases as weaker electrostatic attraction, electrons aren’t pulled in close

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5
Q

Across group..

A

Protons increase, no change in shielding or distance

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6
Q

Down group

A

Number of protons but distance from nucleus increases and shielding increases

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7
Q

2 electron pairs, 1 bonded

A

Linear

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8
Q

2 pairs, 2 bonden

A

Linear 180

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9
Q

3, 1 bonded

A

Linear 180

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10
Q

3, 2 bonded

A

Bent 109.5

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11
Q

3,3 bonded

A

Trigonaal planar 120

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12
Q

4,1 bonded

A

Linear 180

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13
Q

4,2 bonded

A

Bent 109.5

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14
Q

4,3 bonded

A

Tribunal pyramidal 109.5

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15
Q

4,4

A

Tetrahedral 109.5

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16
Q

5,3

A

T shsped 90

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17
Q

5,4

A

Seesaw 120

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18
Q

5,5

A

Trigonal bipyramidal 120

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19
Q

6,4

A

Square planar 90

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20
Q

6,5

A

Square pyramid 90

21
Q

6,6

A

Octahedral 90

22
Q

Exothermic

A

Gives out heat, makes bonds -

23
Q

Endothermic,

A

Requires heat, breaks bond +

24
Q

Fusion

A

Solid- liquid

25
Q

Vapourisation

A

Liquid gas

26
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas

27
Q

Combustion

A

With oxygen

28
Q

Entropy

A

Measure of disorder in system

29
Q

Flat line represents

A

State change, temp is used to break bonds and stays same- as does kinetic energy

30
Q

Climb in graph shows

A

Temp and kinetic energy increasing

31
Q

+ve entropy

A

=Spontaneity

32
Q

An - ion -affect on radius

A

Gains an electron, to become ion. This increases electron repulsion in valence energy level. Causes them to move further away so radius increases

33
Q

Ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove one mol of electrons from one mol of gaseous atoms

34
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ability of an atom in a bond to attract electrons to itself

35
Q

Common ion effect

A

Solubility of one salt is reduced by the presence of having another common ion

36
Q

Buffer solution

A

Resists changes in ph when oh and h30 are added

37
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons, one electron being supplied by each atom- either side of the bond

38
Q

Ionic bond

A

Oppositely charged ions held together by a crystal lattice by electrostatic attraction

39
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons

40
Q

Going down up group ionisation energy

A

Going up a group the number of energy levels decreases, as doe’s repulsion from inner energy levels. Valence electrons are closest to positive nucleus, this means there is a string electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and bonded valence shells- therefore most electronegative

41
Q

Change in fusion enthalpy

A

Enthalpy change with 1 mol of substance is formed with its elements in standard state

42
Q

Enthalpy combustion

A

Enthalpy change when one mol of substance is completely burned with oxygen

43
Q

Atomic radius left to right

A

As the atomic number increases, so does the number of protons (therefore the positive charge in the nucleus). The electron shells are pulled in with more force, therefore there’s a strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and valence electrons. Therefore the atomic radius decreases

44
Q

Atomic radius as you go down a group

A

The number of energy levels increase, and therefore the repulsion of the valence energy levels increase too. This causes the valence electrons to be further away from the nucleus and aren’t as strongly attracted by the increasing number of protons, so electrostatic attraction decreases and radius increases

45
Q

Ionisation energy across a group

A

Increases as the number of protons increase, so there’s a greater nuclear charge attracting the orbiting electrons doing so strongly, therefore more energy is required to overcome this energy

46
Q

Alcohol is it polar

A

Yes

47
Q

Is a ketone/ aldehyde polar

A

Yss

48
Q

Why is change in vap bigger than change in fusion

A

More heat energy is required to break all the attractive forces between liquid particles to form a gas. When a solid changes into a liquid, only some of the attractive forces are overcome, so less heat energy is required

chem (6 decks)

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