Things to Note: Nov. Test

Question 1

difference between polymers and macromolecules

Answer 1

polymers have a repeating unit of monomers, macromolecules may not

Question 2

are triglycerides and phospholipisds macromolecuels or polymers

Answer 2

macromolecules

Question 3

what are lipids soluble in? insoluble in?

Answer 3

soluble - alcohol & insoluble in water

Question 4

true or false: there are many different types of fatty acids

Answer 4

true

Question 5

true or false fatty acids can be unsaturated and saturated

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what are essential fatty acids

Answer 6

fatty acids that can’t be made in the body & must be digested

Question 7

saturated fatty acid has 0 double bonds, true or false

Answer 7

false, has no double bonds in HYDROCARBON CHAIN, 1 in COOH group

Question 8

centrioles structure

Answer 8

spherical group of 9 microtubles arranged in a cylindar

Question 9

what are centrioles 2 functions?

Answer 9

forms cilia and unduliopia

make spindle fibres for cell division

Question 10

name 2 types of prokaryptes

Answer 10

bacteria, archaea

Question 11

True or false bacteria has DNA

Answer 11

True, also has RNA

Question 12

name 3 things prokaryotic cells don’t have

Answer 12

no nucleas
no centrioles
no membrane-bound organelles

Question 13

what are motor proteins

Answer 13

used to move organelles along microtubules using energy

Question 14

describe the difference between he function of free ribosomes vs robomsomees connected to RER

Answer 14

Free ribosomes are mainly concerned with assembling proteins to be used within the cell. Ribosomes on RER
mainly assemble proteins that are exported out of the cell.

Question 15

name a substance that passes into nuclear envelope

Answer 15

Steroid hormones, rna and DNA polymerase

Question 16

nucleolus function

Answer 16

production of rRNAs and assembly of the ribosomal subunits.

Question 17

name 3 of the nucleus’s functions

Answer 17

Stores/transmits genetic information; controls activities of cell; provides instructions for protein synthesis

Question 18

what are hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 18

digestive enzymes that are exocytosed out of the cell in a vesicle

Question 19

intrinsic proteins vs intracellular enzymes

Answer 19

intrinsic proteins - embedded through both layers of partially permeable membrane
intracellular enzymes - enzymes working inside the cell

Question 20

what is kPa the units of in biology

Answer 20

water potential (in cells)

Question 21

what is the water potential of (pure) water?

Answer 21

zero kilo pascals

Question 22

which microscopes can see live organisms

Answer 22

optical and laser scanning confocal

Question 23

name 2 organelle that is present in animal cell sbut not in plant cells

Answer 23

centriole & lysosomes

Question 24

what are the negative and positive charges of atoms in hydrogen bonding represented as?

Answer 24

𝛿− or 𝛿+ (delta negative or delta postive)

Question 25

why is milk hard to use in an emulsion test

Answer 25

it's already cloudy

Question 26

are oils in plants saturated or unsaturated? what state are they in in room temp.?

Answer 26

saturated, solid at room temp.

Question 27

which of these has hydrogen bonding: glycogen or cellulose ??

Answer 27

glycogen?

Question 28

what is ATP made of

Answer 28

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphates

Question 29

how much energy does ATP relsease after hydrolysis

Answer 29

30kJ

Question 30

what is consrrvative replication

Answer 30

completely new DNA molecules is made; 1 new DNA and 1 fully intact original strand

Question 31

what is the final type of replication, semi-conservative, conservative and ...

Answer 31

dispersive replication

Question 32

name a phosphorylated nucleotide

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

what are terminal ends

Answer 33

ends of branches in amylopectin and amylose

Question 34

what is a conjugated protein

Answer 34

a protein associated with a prosthetic group

Question 35

what is the enzyme called that digests proteins

Answer 35

pepsin

Question 36

how is pepsin stable in acidic conditions

Answer 36

only A FEW r-groups are basic and can ACCEPT H+ ions

Question 37

descibre the structure of insulin

Answer 37

2 polypeptide chains one is alpha helix and another beta pleated sheets

Question 38

how are electrons emitted for TEM and SEM

Answer 38

electrons fired from cathode are focused by magnets onto the screen.

Question 39

what microscopes give a black and white 'image'

Answer 39

SEM andTEM

Question 40

descrube how a SEM works

Answer 40

scans an object point by point and assembles pixels onto computer

Question 41

what happens to membrane whrn increased temperature

Answer 41

increased temp = increased KE in phospholipids = increased vibrations glycoproteins denature = increases pores within bilayer = more fluid

Question 42

true or false alpha subunits and alpha helkix are 2 different tgings? where are they present?

Answer 42

alpha subunits - haemoglobin structure (along with beta subunits) alpha helix is a secondary structure

Question 43

how to describe opposite direction monomers e.g in cellulose?

Answer 43

alternatively rotated

Question 44

why is it called a 'fluid' mosaic model?

Answer 44

fluid - lipid molecules can change places with each other and some of the proteins may move, giving fluidity

Question 45

why is it called a fluid 'mosaic' model?

Answer 45

model- made of a phospholipid bilayer witj proteins FLOATING in it

Question 46

Name the process in which a cell becomes specialised.

Answer 46

differentiation

Question 47

what shape are plasmids in eukaryotes

Answer 47

circles

Question 48

what type of reaction occurs ebtween amino acids to produce proteins

Answer 48

condensation reactions

Question 49

what bonding does cellulose use

Answer 49

glycosidic and hydrogen bonding

Question 50

true or false both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes

Answer 50

true

Question 51

name a organelle in eukaryotes that isn't membrane bound

Answer 51

ribosomes and centriole