Transport in Plants

Question 1

why is water important for plants (4)

Answer 1

turgor pressure
cools the plant
photosynthesis
transport minerals and assimilartities

Question 2

name the specific palnt to know to descivre vascular systems in plants

Answer 2

dicotyledonous plant

Question 3

what are main features of dicotyledonous plant

Answer 3

embroyonic leaf in seed bearing plants

Question 4

why are plant transport systems important

Answer 4

To take substances from & retuen waste to enviornment

Question 5

which vascular vessel is used in transpiration

Answer 5

xylem

Question 6

which vascular vessel is used in trasnlocation

Answer 6

phloem

Question 7

name cell types forund in plant stem (3)

Answer 7

epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma

Question 8

name types of cells found in roots(4)

Answer 8

endodermic, vascular bundle, medulla, epidermis

Question 9

name cells found in leaves (2)

Answer 9

palisade mesophyll cells, vascular bundle

Question 10

what is the bulge in leaf crosssection

Answer 10

midrib of leaf

Question 11

endodermis defintiion (2)

Answer 11

a layer of cells surrounding the vascular bundle in the root of the plant(1), helping in water movement in the Casparian strip (2)

Question 12

parenchyma definition

Answer 12

a packing tissue in plants which fills spaces between other tissues

Question 13

collenchyma definition (3)

Answer 13

cells with thick cellulose walls (1) strengthens vascular bundles & outer parts of stems (2) whilst allowing some flexibility(3)

Question 14

sclerenchyma definition

Answer 14

plant cells that have lignified walls (1) used to strengthen stems & midribs(2) solid & non living cells (3)

Question 15

How are xylem vessels formed (2)

Answer 15

lignin fills cell wall - waterproof & kills the cell (1)

end walls & contents decay (2)

Question 16

give 3 functions of lignin

Answer 16

kills xylem cells(1)
strengthens vessel walls to prevent collapse of stem(2)
waterproof xylem (3)

Question 17

what three patterns can lignin thicken around xylem

Answer 17

reticulate, rings, annular

Question 18

Features of xylem vessel (4)

Answer 18

continuosus narrow column (1)
bordered pits in cell wall (2)
lignified cells (3)
no cytoplasm or nucleas; dead cells (4)

Question 19

why are bordered pits present in xylem vessels

Answer 19

gaps in cell wall where lignification isn’t complete (1) lets water pass sideways to adjacent vessels/tissues (2) as lignin is water proof(3)

Question 20

why is lignin laid down in reticulate, rings, annular

Answer 20

allows xylem to stretch as plant grows = bend due to fleivibility

Question 21

what is carried in phloem

Answer 21

assimilates

Question 22

what are in assimilates

Answer 22

sucrose & amino acids

Question 23

phloem defintiion

Answer 23

vascular vessel that transports assimilaties up and down the plant in translocation

Question 24

which vascular vessel goes up and down the plant

Answer 24

phloem

Question 25

name 2 features of phloem

Answer 25

sieve tube elements & companion cells

Question 26

what are the cells which provide metabolic activity to phhloem

Answer 26

companion cells

Question 27

what are companion cells

Answer 27

small cells with nucleus & many mitochondria (1) carry out metabolic activities for phloem (2) and loads assimilates into phloem (3)

Question 28

what are sieve tube elements

Answer 28

cells which make up phloem vessel

Question 29

sieve tube features (3)

Answer 29

end to end alignment (1) no nucleus & little cytoplasm(2) contains sieve plates (3)

Question 30

what are sieve plates

Answer 30

perforates sieve tube elements end wall (1) allows sap movement & keeps lumen open (2)

Question 31

why are sieve plates in phloem, why not just hollow

Answer 31

Sieve plates are sites of callose deposition (1) after plant is injured or infected (2)

Question 32

which vascular vessel is lignified

Answer 32

xylem

Question 33

what is plasmodesmata

Answer 33

cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells passing through pits in cell wall

Question 34

give an example of when sucrose can be trasnported upwards by plant (2)

Answer 34

In spring, the roots act as a source; this pushes the sucrose solution away from the root.(3)

Question 35

give an example of when sucrose can be trasnported down by plant (2)

Answer 35

In summer, the leaves are making sugars and become the source for that sieve tube.

Question 36

why woudl roots of xerophytes be adapted to be long

Answer 36

to reach water deep in soil;

Question 37

why woudl roots of xerophytes be adapted to be widespread

Answer 37

to absorb water from a | large area when it does rain

Question 38

why can't many plants survive arid conditions (3)

Answer 38

They lose water through transpiration. (1) If water is not available from soil, the cells will become flaccid, (2) and the plant will wilt and die. (3)

Question 39

why is rolled leaf/pits/hairs an adaptation for xerophytes

Answer 39

- lower water potential gradient | - water must diffuse a greater distance from the leaf

Question 40

why do some plants die if completely submerged in water (3)

Answer 40

Roots gain oxygen from air spaces in soil (1) water logged soil has no air (2) Roots cannot gain oxygen and respiration fails to produce enough energy. (3)

Question 41

explain why leaves in water can't transpire (2)

Answer 41

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves. (1) If the leaves are submerged, the water vapour in the leaves cannot move out by diffusion (2)

Question 42

xerophytes adaptations in leaf advantages (3)

Answer 42

curled leaf/ hairs spines instead of leaves thick waxy cuticle stoma is in sunken pits

Question 43

how does waxy cuticle reduce water loss from leaves (2)

Answer 43

it acts as a barrier to evaporation a(1)nd also the shiny surface reflects heat and so lowers temperature.(2)

Question 44

how do assimilarties diffuse from companion cells to sieve tubes

Answer 44

by plasmodesmata

Question 45

transpiration definition

Answer 45

evaporation of water vapour from aerials parts of plant via stomata

Question 46

what are the three types of pathways of water transfer

Answer 46

symplast, apoplast, vacuolar

Question 47

name a feature about trasnpiration stream

Answer 47

its continous