Thinking, Language, and Intelligence Flashcards
(29 cards)
Categories
Grouping based on shared qualities
Exemplar model
There is no best example
Prototype model
The best example
–Superordinate -> mammals
–Basic -> Dogs + Horses
–Subordinate -> Terrier and Spaniels -> Arabian + painted horse
Problem Solving
Algorithm
Insight
Trail + Error
Automatic processing
Like a gut instinct
Controlled Processing
Analytical so you think it out
Confirmation bias
Focusing attention on info that supports our views
Hindsight bias
Creating after fact explanations
Overconfidence bias
Overstimulate how accurate how accurate you are with your judgement
Anchoring
The tendency to rely on the first piece of info encountered or info that comes most quickly to mind
Framing
The tendency to emphasize the potential loss or gains from one alternative
Gained Frame messages
Focus on what can be gained by choosing one alternative over another
Loss framed messages
focus on what can be lost by choosing one alternative over the other
Availability Heuristic
Making a decision based on the answer that most easily comes to mind
Representativeness Heuristic
Placing a person/object in a category if that person/object is similar to one’s prototype for that category
Affective forecasting
The tendency for people to overestimate how events will make them feel in the future
Mental Sets
Problem solving strategies that have worked in the past
Restructuring
A new way of thinking about a problem
Functional fixedness
Having fixed ideas about the typical functions of objects
Broca’s area
Important for producing grammatical sentences + motor movement for speech
Wernicke’s area
Important for understanding speech
G factor
A general intelligence
Crystalized intelligence
Cognitive skills and specific knowledge acquired over a lifetime
–dependent on education
–relatively stable over the life time
Fluid Intelligence
The capacity to reason + use info to solve problems
–independent of education
–Tends to decrease with age
