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PSYC 351D > Thinking part 2 > Flashcards

Thinking part 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Is thinking a psychological construct?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of cerebellar cognitive affective disorder?

A

Impairment of executive functions
Difficulty in spatial cognition
Language deficits
Personality chances

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3
Q

What areas of the cerebellum are involved in each of the impairments of cerebellar affective syndrome?

A

Impairment of executive functions (posterior & anterior lobe)
* Difficulty in spatial cognition (anterior lobe)
* Language deficits (posterior lobe)
* Personality chances (vermis)

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4
Q

What is the net effect of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome?

A

a general lowering of overall intellectual function (intelligence is still there)

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5
Q

When are deficits more pronounced in cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome?

A

in those with bilateral cerebellum damage

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6
Q

What does cerebellum damage lead to?

A

dysmetria of thought

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7
Q

What is dysmetria of thought?

A

Inability to regulate speed, capacity, and accuracy or mental and cognitive practices

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8
Q

Is the cerebellum just a motor structure?

A

No, it is associated with working memory, attention,
language, music, and decision-making processes

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9
Q

What percentage of the brain’s neurons does the cerebellum contain?

A

80%

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10
Q

What does rs-fMRI scans show of the cerebellum?

A

cerebellar networks
that are similar to cortical networks

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11
Q

What is social neuroscience and what does it involve?

A

Understanding others and self –> how the brain mediates social interactions

Combines tools
from cognitive neuroscience with
constructs from social psychology

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12
Q

What is the theory of mind?

A

The attribution of mental states to others –> look at other people and know what they are thinking and feeling

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13
Q

What is cognitive perspective taking?

A

A subset of theory of mind –> understands what someone thinks, believes, knows

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14
Q

What are the four things involved understanding self and others in social neuroscience?

A

Theory of mind (cognitive perspective taking)
Empathy (emotional/ affective perspective taking)
Visual self-recognition
Conceptual self-recognition

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15
Q

What brain areas is involved in theory of mind?

A

DLPFC activity

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16
Q

What brain areas as involved in empathy?

A

medial prefrontal cortex activity

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17
Q

What is visual self-recognition and what brain areas does it involve?

A

recognizing our own face activates right lateral prefrontal
cortex, lateral parietal cortex and fusiform gyrus

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18
Q

What is conceptual self recognition and what brain regions is it mediated by?

A

Can say words to describe ourselves
mediated by medial prefrontal regions

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19
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Maintains accuracy of thought

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20
Q

What are two other aspects of social neuroscience?

A

Self-regulation
and social interactions

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21
Q

What is self regulation?

A

Ability to control our emotions and impulses as a means for achieving long-
term goals

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22
Q

What regions are critical for self-regulation?

A

Prefrontal regions:
DLPFC
VmPFC
OFC
ACC – not part of PFC

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23
Q

What does the DLPFC do for self-regulation?

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A

cognitive aspects of self-regulation –> goal selection, planning

24
Q

What does the VmPFC do for self-regulation?

Study These Flashcards
A

inhibit appetitive or emotional impulses (study when bored)

25
What does the OFC do for self-regulation?
reward/ value monitoring
26
What does the ACC (limbic system) do for self-regulation?
implicated in cognitive, emotional, pain and conflict monitoring
27
What networks is the ACC involved in?
Default mode network, salience network, executive network
28
How is our understanding of self and our social interactions linked?
together as a single mental action (look at other people to tell us who we are- do they laugh at our jokes)
29
What happens when we express attitudes toward ideas or human groups (brain areas)?
activation in medial Prefrontal (mPFC), anterior cingulate, and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) regions.
30
What do mPFC-TPJ pathways (part of DMN) do?
allow us to commit new social information to memory during rest (should we say something)
31
What does cultural information do to brain systems?
Cultural information biases brain systems, which in turn biases attitudes.
32
What is neuroeconomics?
Interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand how the brain makes decisions
33
What are the two systems in neuroeconomics?
Reflective system and reflexive system
34
What is the reflective system?
deliberate, slow, rule-driven, and emotionally neutral
35
What brain areas are involved in the reflective system?
lateral prefrontal, medial temporal, and posterior parietal cortex
36
What is the reflexive system?
fast, automatic, emotionally biased
37
What brain areas are involved in the reflexive system?
ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, and basal ganglia
38
What is an example of anatomical asymmetry in the brain?
Lateral fissure sharper in RH than LH. Temporal lobe in RH larger. Parietal lobe in LH larger
39
What areas of the brain differ anatomically? What side are they found on?
Language (left hem)- and music (right hem)-related areas of the left and right temporal lobes differ anatomically
40
What is functional asymmetry?
Different sides of the brain have different functions
41
What does patient G.H show that have damage to right parietal lobe?
Difficulty copying drawings, assembling puzzles, and navigating around familiar places
42
What is the right hemisphere responsible for?
spatial skills
43
What does patient M.M show that have damage to left parietal lobe?
Difficulty with language, copying movements, reading, arithmetic, and generating names of objects or animals (could do object identification)
44
What is the left hemisphere responsible for?
controlling language, voluntary movement and arithmetic
45
What is the functional asymmetry in the auditory system?
Dichotic listening Right-ear advantage for verbal information Left-ear advantage for musical information
46
What is the functional asymmetry in the visual system?
Right visual field (left hem) has an advantage for language-related information. * Left visual field (right hem) has an advantage for nonverbal spatial information
47
Describe the task on functional asymmetries in the visual system.
Fixate straight ahead and flash 2 words or 2 images Picture preference in left visual field (right hem) Word preference in right visual field (left hem)
48
What is split brain?
corpus callosum severed, information presented to one side of the brain cannot travel to the other side
49
What do split brain patients show?
Split-brain individuals cannot name objects presented to RH (left visual field), but can make correct nonverbal responses (e.g., can draw object) Using their left hand, these individuals correctly select the object matching the presented one
50
What happens to a split brain patient when a spoon is presented to the right visual field?
They will say "spoon"
51
What happens if the spoon is presented to the left visual field?
the patient answers "i see nothing" but can draw the spoon with their left hand
52
What happens when the split brain patient is shown two different objects?
he two hemispheres act independently -When each hemisphere is shown a different object, the two hands will select different objects as being the correct one.
53
What happens if someone is presented a spoon in the left visual field and a pencil in the right visual field?
They report seeing pencil but if they could use touch they can identify the spoon In this case, the right and left hands do not agree. They may each pick up a different object or the right hand may prevent the left hand from performing the task
54
What does studies of split brain patients show?
That the hemispheres process information differently There is more functional overlap between the hemispheres than was at first suspected
55
Describe the functional overlap?
The right hemisphere does have some language functions. * The left hemisphere does have some spatial abilities
56
What are some reasons why the LH is specialized for language?
LH helps control fine movements, and fine movements are necessary for the production of language? Verbs processed in LH whereas nouns processed in both hemispheres RH sees things and left is the interpreter
57
Why is the RH specialized for spatial abilities?
The RH plays a role in the control of movements in space and in mental images of such movements

PSYC 351D (9 decks)

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