Thinking part 3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are females better at?
re better at short-term memory tasks and verbal fluency tasks (small effect size)
How are female brains different?
Have larger volume in dorsal prefrontal and paralimbic regions
* Have relatively high cortical gray matter concentration in many regions of the
cerebral cortex
What are males better at?
spatial relation tasks and mental rotation tasks
How are male brains different?
Have larger volume in ventral prefrontal regions and angular gyrus (p-lobe)
* Gray matter concentrations are pretty uniform
After left hemisphere cortical lesion (stroke) how likely are men and women to be aphasic?
Equally likely
After left posterior cortex cortical lesion (stroke) how likely are men and women to be aphasic and apraxia?
Men more likely to be aphasic and apraxic
After Left frontal cortex damage how likely are men and women to be aphasic and apraxic?
Women more likely aphasic and apraxic
What is the difference between men and women brain connectivity?
Females have more interhemispheric (between) connectivity; males have
more intrahemispheric (within) connectivity
What do transexual folks (FtoM and MtoF) compare in regards to connectivity against males and females? Why?
Connectivity falls halfway between that of males and female. Propose that hormonal environment late prenatal and early postnatal influences white matter structure and determines gender identity
Where do right-handed people have language localized?
Left hemisphere
Where do left handed people have language localized?
About 70% also have language localized in their LH
* About 15% have language localized in their RH
* About 15% have bilateral representation of language
Does speech representation mirror language representation for left handed people?
Yes
What does sodium amobarbital do?
sodium amobarbital produces short acting anesthesia in only one hemisphere – used to figure in which hemisphere is language
lateralized
What is a gross anatomical difference between L and R handers?
Cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum was 11% greater in left-handed or ambidextrous individuals
How lateralized are left handed and right-handed people?
Left-handed people tend to be less lateralized in their hand dominance than right-handed people
How does lateralization relate to corpus callosum?
The more lateralized the participants were, the smaller the callosum was, regardless of handedness
What is synesthesia?
Ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as the sensation of a different sense
E.g., Sound produces the sensation of color
What is the occurence of synesthesia?
1 in 23 people; genetic component
How are pairings in synesthesia?
Most pairings are in one direction only - Example: colored hearing
What are the three hypotheses regarding the neural basis of synesthesia?
More connections between sensory areas - synaptic pruning incomplete
Frontal lobe multimodal areas act as integration hub - usually inhibits certain things
Neural binding theory - associative areas in temporal lobe and parietal lobe where info about sounds is combined with colour
if there is a general intelligence (g factor) than what could be the differences in brains with high and low g?
some general difference in brain architecture (more neurons in some areas)
* Differences in cerebral connectivity
* Differences in the ratio of neurons to glia (more glia)
* Differential activation of specific brain regions (pareto-frontal integration theory
of Intelligence
What is the relationship between g and language?
Those who are better at language use (and therefore thought processes)
may have higher g factors
What did einsteins brain show?
Steeper lateral fissure
posterior parietal and temporal fused together
Why do patients with FL damage perform relatively well on traditional IQ tests?
They are fine at convergent thinking
