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Gross Anatomy > Thoracic Limb > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What nerves usually make up the brachial plexus?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1, T2

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2
Q

What artery supplies the superficial pectorals?

A

External thoracic

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3
Q

What does the external thoracic artery supply?

A

Superficial pectorals

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4
Q

What artery supplies the deep pectorals?

A

Lateral thoracic

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5
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

Deep pectorals

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6
Q

What artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal

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7
Q

What does the thoracodorsal artery supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

Cranial circumflex humeral artery supplies what?

A

Proximal part of the biceps

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9
Q

What arteries supply the cubital joint?

A

Transverse cubital, collateral ulnar

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10
Q

What arteries supply the triceps?

A

Caudal circumflex humeral, deep brachial, collateral ulnar

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11
Q

What arteries supply the deep palmar arch?

A

Caudal interosseous and a small branch of the radial

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12
Q

What arteries supply the superficial palmar arch?

A

Median and a small part of the superficial branch of the caudal interosseous

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13
Q

What does the ulnar artery supply?

A

Flexor muscles

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14
Q

What does the median artery supply?

A

principal blood source for the paw, superficial palmar branch

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15
Q

What does the radial artery supply?

A

Deep palmar arch

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16
Q

What does the deep antebrachial artery supply?

A

Flexor muscles of carpal and digital joints

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17
Q

In the forepaw, the superficial arteries go to…?

A

Common digital arteries (dorsal and palmar respectively)

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18
Q

In the forepaw, the deep arteries go to…?

A

metacarpal arteries (dorsal and palmar respectively)

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19
Q

What is the dorsal carpal rete?

A

It is a vascular network forming metacarpal arteries

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20
Q

What is the deep venous system formed by?

A

Tributaries of the axillary vein

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21
Q

What are the connections between the superficial and deep venous system?

A

Median cubital vein and axillobrachial vein

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22
Q

What veins exit into the external jugular?

A

Cephalic and omobrachial

23
Q

What are the vessels associated with the superficial lymph node?

A

Afferent: Most of thoracic limb except medial arm, forearm, shoulder; drain skin of caudal head, ear, lateral neck surface
Efferent: Thoracic duct on left side, right tracheal trunk and external jugular vein

24
Q

What are the vessels associated with the constant axillary lymph node?

A

Afferent: first three mammary glands, skin of the shoulder and arm, all bones except digits, all joints above digits, thoracic limb muscles, accessory axillary lymph node
Efferent: external jugular vein, thoracic duct on left side and both tracheal trunks

25
Q

What are the vessels associated with the inconstant accessory axillary lymph node?

A

Afferent: first three mammary glands, skin of lateral and ventral thoracic wall, lateral and medial regions of shoulder, arm and elbow
Efferent: axillary lymph node

26
Q

What do the spinal nerves contain?

A

general somatic afferent, general somatic efferent, post ganglionic sympathetic neurons and autonomic afferents

27
Q

What nerves originate from the brachial plexus?

A

Subscapular, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral, caudal pectoral, suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, ulnar

28
Q

What nerves have cutaneous branches?

A

Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, and ulnar

29
Q

How do you do clinical testing of the cutaneous sensation?

A

Two step: Small fold of skin is grasped. Then, progress to skin pinch gradually increased until response occurs

30
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

A

Latissimus dorsi, rhomboideus, trapezius, brachiocephalicus, both the superficial and deep pectorals, omotransversarius

31
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus innervate the extrinsic muscles?

A

Cranial and caudal pectoral, long thoracic, thoracodorsal, and lateral

32
Q

What does the cranial pectoral innervate?

A

Superficial pectoral

33
Q

What does the caudal pectoral innervate?

A

Deep pectoral

34
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus ventralis

35
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

36
Q

What does the lateral thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Cutaneous trunci and preputial

37
Q

What is the panniculus reflex?

A

It’s a part of the lateral thoracic nerve; used to localise a spinal cord lesion from C8-L3, sensory stimulus is mild skin compression–>twitch of cutaneous trunci from lumbar and thoracic spinal nerves, specifically the GSE neurons that exit the ventral grey columns

38
Q

What nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

A

Suprascapular, subscapular, musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar

39
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate and what happens when it is injured?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus; it causes atrophy of these two muscles

40
Q

What does the subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis

41
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the cubital joint?

A

Biceps brachii and brachialis

42
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Proximal muscular branch: biceps brachii, communicating branch: distal end of the brachium to join the median nerve, distal muscular branch: brachialis muscle, medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve: skin of the medial antebrachium, coracobrachialis

43
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the humeral joint?

A

Teres major, teres minor, deltoideus

44
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

flexor muscles of the humeral joint, skin over lateral brachium and cranial antebrachium

45
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the cubital joint?

A

Triceps brachii, tensor fascia antebrachii, anconeus

46
Q

What are the carpi and digital extensor muscles?

A

Extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, abductor digiti I longus

47
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Tricipital branches to extensor muscles of cubital joint, superficial branch: lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve innervates craniolateral skin of antebrachium and carpus, dorsal common digital nerves innervate digits 2-4 on metacarpus, medial branch–>dorsal common digital nerve for 1 metacarpal; deep branch: under supinator and innervates extensor muscles of carpal and digital joints; ulnaris lateralis too, skin on dorsal forepaw

48
Q

What happens when the radial nerve is damaged?

A

If hit by car which is most common, the more proximal the injury the more severe the damage. Proximal to tricipital branches: paralysis of extensor muscles of elbow, carpus, digits–>flaccid paralysis of limb, non-weight bearing lameness and dorsal part of foot dragged. Distal to tricipital branches: paralysis of extensor muscles of carpus and digits, normal stance of elbow and shoulder but the dorsal part knuckles over

49
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the carpus and digital joints?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronotor teres, pronator quadratus, ulnaris lateralis

50
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, palmar aspect of the metacarpus and digits of the skin

51
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor, palmar branch of the interosseous muscles; caudal cutaneous antebrachial branch innervates caudal antebrachial skin, palmar branch goes to the palmar surface of carpus, metacarpus, and digits, dorsal branch to the lateral surface of the 5th digit

52
Q

In the forepaw, the superficial digital nerves go to…?

A

Dorsal and palmar common digital nerves

53
Q

In the forepaw, the deep digital nerves go to…?

A

palmar metacarpal nerves; NO DORSAL BRANCH like in the arteries

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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