Thoracic Wall

Question 1

The thoracic cavity is divided into what 3 parts

Answer 1

mediastinum, pleura (visceral, parietal, and pleural cavities), and lungs

Question 2

What is the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum?

Answer 2

manubriosternal joint (Angle of Louis)
Cartilaginous

Question 3

What articulates with the manubrium?

Answer 3

clavicle, first costal cartilage, upper part of 2nd costal cartilage

Question 4

What does the body of the sternum articulate with?

Answer 4

the 2nd to 7th costal cartilages

Question 5

What joint is between the xiphoid and the body of the sternum?

Answer 5

xiphisternal joint (opposite the body at the 9th thoracic vertebra); Cartilaginous

Question 6

where is the sternal angle in relation to the rest of the body?

Answer 6

The level of the 2nd costal cartilage; opposite of the 4th-5th thoracic vertebrae

Question 7

What is special about the 1st rib?

Answer 7

broadest, shortest; articulates with T1 only (only 1 facet), 2 grooves for subclavian vessels

Question 8

What is special about 2nd rib?

Answer 8

articulates with T1 and T2, ROUGH AREA/TUBEROSITY for the attachment of the SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Question 9

What is special about ribs 10-12?

Answer 9

Only articulate with single vertebra

Question 10

What is special about ribs 11-12?

Answer 10

short and have no neck or tubercle

Question 11

Which ribs are true, false, and floating?

Answer 11

True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12 (sometimes 10)

Question 12

What kind of joint is between ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12 and their corresponding vertebral bodies?

Answer 12

synovial joints

Question 13

What kind of joint is between ribs 2-9 and their corresponding vertebral bodies and the vertebral body above it?

Answer 13

synovial joints

Question 14

What kind of joint is present at the tubercle of ribs w/ the transverse process?

Answer 14

synovial

Question 15

What kind of joint is between the ribs and the costal cartilages?

Answer 15

cartilaginous/immovable joints

Question 16

What kind of joint is between the manubrium and the 1st costal cartilage?

Answer 16

immovable

Question 17

What kind of joint are between the sternum and the 2-7th costal cartilages and the 6-10th costal cartilages and one another?

Answer 17

synovial

Question 18

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 18

posterior: 1st thoracic vertebrae
anterior: superior border of the manubrium
lateral: 1st pair of ribs + costal cartilage

Question 19

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 19

Posterior: 12th thoracic vertebrae
Anterior: xiphisternal joint
Anterolateral: joined cartilages of ribs 7-10
posterolateral: 11-12 ribs

Question 20

What are the innermost intercostal muscles lined with?

Answer 20

endothoracic fascia then parietal pleura

Question 21

The innermost intercostals can be divided into what 2 groups?

Answer 21

subcostal muscles and transversus thoracis

Question 22

What do the innermost intercostals correspond to as far as the abdominal wall?

Answer 22

Transversus abdominis

Question 23

Which is passive: inspiration or expiration?

Answer 23

expiration

Question 24

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

Answer 24

diaphragm

Question 25

Pump handle action is achieved by what?

Answer 25

raising the ribs at the sternal ends so that the anterior dimension increases (manubrium = handle)

Question 26

bucket handle action is achieved by what?

Answer 26

Raising the ribs like bucket handles in the transverse direction so that the transverse dimension increases

Question 27

The posterior intercostal arteries 1-2 are supplied by what artery?

Answer 27

superior intercostal artery

Question 28

The posterior intercostal arteries 3-12 are supplied by what artery?

Answer 28

descending thoracic aorta

Question 29

The anterior intercostal arteries (2/space) 1-6 are supplied by what artery?

Answer 29

internal thoracic artery

Question 30

The anterior intercostal arteries (2/space) 7-12 are supplied by what artery?

Answer 30

musculophrenic artery

Question 31

Where does the blood supply of the breast come from?

Answer 31

A: branches of the internal thoracic artery and the intercostal arteries; lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches of axillary artery V: correspond to arteries

Question 32

What are the 5 ways of lymphatic drainage from the breast?

Answer 32

1. lateral quadrants drain into pectoral region 2. medial quadrants drain into vessels that pierce the intercostal spaces 3. follow the posterior intercostal arteries 4. communicate w/ opposite breast 5. communicate with anterior abdominal wall

Question 33

The lobes of the breast are separated by what?

Answer 33

fibrous septa called suspensory ligaments of Cooper

Question 34

The axillary tail is what?

Answer 34

It is part of the breast that extends upward and laterally, pierces the lower border of the pectoralis major m. and enters the armpit

Question 35

What do anterior intercostal veins drain into?

Answer 35

the internal thoracic or musculophrenic veins

Question 36

What do posterior intercostal veins drain into?

Answer 36

the azygos or hemiazygos veins