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Gross Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

 Region of the body between the neck and the abdomen
 Separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm
 Flattened antero-posteriorly and rounded at the sides

A

Thorax

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2
Q

Framework of the walls of the thorax

A

Thoracic cage

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3
Q

Functions of thoracic cage

A
  • Protect vital thoracic and abdominal organs

- Provides attachment of neck, back upper limb, and abdominal musculature

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4
Q

Covered on the outside by skin and by muscles attached the shoulder girdle to the trunk

A

Thoracic wall

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5
Q

Lining of thoracic wall

A

Parietal pleura

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6
Q

Bones forming the thoracic cage

A
  • Anteriorly: sternum and costal cartilages
  • Posteriorly: vertebral column
  • Laterally: ribs and intercostal spaces
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7
Q

Bones forming the thoracic wall

A
  • Anteriorly: sternum and costal cartilages
  • Posteriorly: vertebral column
  • Laterally: ribs and intercostal spaces
  • Superiorly: suprapleural membrane
  • Inferiorly: diaphragm
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8
Q

2 thoracic apertures

A

Thoracic inlet/ superior thoracic aperture

Thoracic outlet/ inferior thoracic aperture

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9
Q

Boundaries of thoracic inlet

A

Anteriorly: superior border of the manubrium
Posteriorly: T1 vertebra
Laterally: medial border of the 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages

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10
Q

thoracic aperture Where esophagus, trachea, and many vessels and nerves pass through

A

Thoracic inlet

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11
Q

Thoracic aperture where closed by the diaphragm

A

Thoracic outlet

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12
Q

Boundaries of thoracic outlet

A

Anteriorly: xiphisternal joint
Posteriorly: T12 vertebra
Anterolaterally: costal cartilages of 7th to 10th ribs (costal margin)
Posterolaterally: 11th and 12th ribs

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13
Q

 Spaces between the ribs

 12 ribs, therefore 11 ______ – numbered for the rib superior to the space

A

Intercostal spaces

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14
Q

3 muscles of respiration

A

External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles

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15
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

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16
Q

3 major spaces of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum and 2 pulmonary cavities

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17
Q

Thoracic cavity space where it Contains heart, trachea, thymus, esophagus, and lymph nodes

A

Mediastinum

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18
Q

2 membranous sacs, one on each side of the thorax between the lungs and the thoracic walls

A

Pulmonary cavity

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19
Q

Bone that Lies in the midline of the anterior chest wall

A

sternum

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20
Q

Another term for sternum

A

Breastbone

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21
Q

Type of bone: sternum

A

Flat bone

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22
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid process

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23
Q

Articulating surfaces of manubrium

A

 Clavicle
 1st costal cartilage
 Body of sternum
 Upper part of the 2nd costal cartilage

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24
Q

Articulating surfaces of body of the sternum

A

 Manubrium
 Xiphoid process
 2nd to 7th costal cartilages

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25
scalloped borders where costal cartilages articulate
Costal notches
26
Thin plate of cartilage that ossifies at proximal end during adult life
xiphoid process
27
Articulating surfaces of xiphoid process
Body of sternum
28
Joints of the sternum
Sternoclavicular Manubriosternal Xiphisternal
29
Type of joint: sternoclavicular
synovial joint: saddle
30
Type of joint: manubriosternal
Secondary cartilaginous joint
31
Type of joint: xiphisternal
Primary cartilaginous joint
32
Articulations of: sternoclavicular
Manubrium + clavicle
33
Articulations of: manubriosternal
Manubrium + body of sternum
34
Articulations of: xiphisternal
Body of sternum + xiphoid process
35
Important clinically because this serves as the point from which all costal cartilages and ribs are counted
Sternal angle/angle of Louis
36
Invertebral disc opposite of sternal angle
T4 and T5
37
12 pairs of curved, flat bones that form most of the thoracic cage that Serves as attachment for muscles
Ribs
38
Rib  can cause pressure on lower trunk of brachial plexus -> pain and muscle wasting  exert pressure on subclavian artery -> interfere with circulation
Cervical rib
39
Arises from anterior tubercle of transverse process of C7; May have anterior free end, or connect with 1st rib via fibrous band, or articulate with 1st rib
Cervical rib
40
3 categories of ribs
True (Vertebrosternal) False (Vertebrochondral) Floating (Vertebral, free)
41
Ribs - Attach anteriorly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages - Directly connect to sternum
True ribs
42
Ribs - Attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib by means of their costal cartilages and small synovial joints - Costal cartilages are connected to the cartilage of the rib above them - Indirectly connect to sternum
False ribs
43
Ribs - No anterior connections, no connection with sternum - Rudimentary cartilage at posterior abdominal musculature
Floating ribs
44
2 types of rib
Typical and Atypical
45
 3rd to 9th ribs  long, twisted, flat bone  rounded, smooth superior border and a sharp, thin inferior border
Typical rib
46
Parts of typical rib
Head Neck Tubercle Shaft/Body
47
Part of typical rib: wedge shaped; has 2 facets for articulation – separated by crest of the head
Head
48
Part of typical rib: constricted portion that connects head with the shaft
Neck
49
Part of typical rib: prominence on outer surface of rib; at junction of neck and body
Tubercle
50
Part of typical rib: thin, flattened; twisted on its long axis
Shaft/Body
51
Internal border of shaft which houses the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve
Costal groove
52
Angle of shaft where ribs turn anterolaterally
Costal angle
53
2 parts of tubercle
Articular part and Non-articular part
54
2 facets of head
Superior and inferior
55
Atypical ribs
1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs
56
broadest, shortest, most sharply curved of the 7 true ribs
1st rib
57
Why is the 1st rib clinically significant?
Clinically significant because the subclavian vessels and branches of the brachial plexus pass through its superior border
58
Rib - thinner, less curved body, longer than 1st rib - atypical feature: rough area on upper surface – tuberosity for serratus anterior
2nd rib
59
Ribs that are short but no neck and tubercle
11th and 12th ribs
60
Rib with no costal angle and costal groove
12th rib
61
ribs with only 1 facet
1st and 10th rib
62
Articulations of the rib
Costovertebral Costochondral Interchondral Sternocostal
63
Type of joint: costovertebral
synovial joint: plane
64
Type of joint: chostochondral
primary cartilaginous joint
65
Type of joint: interchondral
synovial joint: plane
66
Type of joint: STERNOCOSTAL - 1st costal cartilage + manubrium sterni
primary cartilaginous joint
67
Type of joint: STERNOCOSTAL - 2nd-7th costal cartilages + body of sternum
synovial joint: plane
68
Articulations of costochondrla
lateral end of costal cartilage with sternal end of rib
69
T or F: In children: ribs are high elastic --> fractures are rare
T
70
Weakest part of ribs in adults
costal angle
71
Most commonly fractured ribs
5th to 10th ribs
72
accumulation of air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
73
Multiple rib fractures may allow a sizable segment of the anterior and/or lateral thoracic wall to move freely
Flail chest
74
Movements of thoracic wall and the diaphragm increases the intrathoracic volume and diameters of the thorax
Inspiration
75
2 types of inspiration and expiration
Quiet and forced
76
Movement: when diaphragm contracts, domes become flattened and diaphragm is lowered
Vertical Diameter
77
Downward-sloping ribs are raised at sternal ends  anteroposterior diameter is increased  lower end of sternum is thrust forward
Pump-handle movement
78
Ribs curve downward as well forward around the chest wall
Bucket handle movement
79
Maximum increase in capacity of thoracic cavity occurs
Forced inspiration
80
Every muscle that can raise the ribs are brought into forced inspiration
scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and the sternocleidomastoid
81
Decrease of the capacity of the thoracic cavity
Expiration
82
muscles – play a minor role in pulling down lower ribs in quiet expiration
serratus posterior inferior muscles
83
muscles – play a minor role in forced expiration
serratus posterior inferior and latissimus dorsi

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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