Thorax Flashcards
If an older patient comes into the clinic with an “epigastric mass”, what is a likely reason for the appearance of this mass?
Ossification of the xiphoid process
Which ribs are typical?
3-9
What landmark on the rib is in the same plane with the spinous processes?
Angle of the rib
Where is the VAN located on a rib?
Internal inferior surface
What are the special landmarks on the first rib?
Grooves for the subclavian artery/brachial plexus and subclavian vein, scalene tubercle
A tumor where could affect the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
Apex of the lung
What is unique about the second rib?
Has the tuberosity for the serratus anterior muscle
What is unique about the 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs?
One facet each for their respective vertebrae
Where is the sternocostal triangle and what passes through it?
Anterior border of the diaphragm. Superior epigastric vessels
What can inflammation of the sternocostal joint result in?
Costochondritis
What is the cupola?
Suprapleural membrane over the apex of the lungs (thickening of the endothoracic fascia)
What is unique about the pulmonary veins?
No valves
What is the sensory innervation of the visceral pleura?
Visceral sense
What is the sensory innervation of the parietal pleura?
Visceral sense and somatic sense
What is a cardiac tampanad?
Pericardial sac is overfilled with fluid and makes it difficult for the heart to beat
What is the main cause of pericarditis?
Viruses
What is the cause pericardial effusion?
Inflammation, tumors
What is the external indicator of the crista terminalis?
Sulcus terminalis
What is the importance of the cardiac skeleton?
All muscles of the heart insert on it (except the papillary muscles), prevents distention of the valves, insulates the conducting system
What are the functions of the SA node and AV node?
SA node sets the “pace” via depolarization. AV node “slows down” the impulse to make sure all of the blood has left the atria
What do the venue cordis minimae do?
Tiny veins that drain directly into the chambers of the heart
What is the significance of the heart valves concerning blood supply?
Valves are avascular (bacterial infections can be devastating)
What is the ejection fraction?
% of blood in the ventricle at the beginning of systole
What does a backward displaced esophagus suggest?
Enlarged left auricle
