Tissue Biomechanics

Question 1

The study of how different parts of the human body, such as bone, tendons, and muscle, react to external forces.

Answer 1

Tissue biomechanics

Question 2

Mechanical forces play and important role in the ______, ______, and _____ of tissue as well as the development of ______ and _____.

Answer 2

Development
Maintenance
Remodeling

Damage and disease

Question 3

Combination of tensile and compressive loads.

Answer 3

bending

Question 4

Forces twisting/rotating in opposite directions about the long axis

Answer 4

torsion

Question 5

Forces acting parallel to each other in opposite directions.

Answer 5

shear

Question 6

When a structure is stretched longitudinally.

Answer 6

Tension/tensile

Question 7

When a load produces a force that push the material together.

Answer 7

Compression.

Question 8

Nearly constant compressive forces are applied to what area of the body?

Answer 8

Vertebral body and IVD

Question 9

What are some compression injuries? (4)

Answer 9

Bruises (contusions)
Crushing injuries
Compression fractures
pinching

Question 10

Stretching or pulling force of tension can also be called what?

Answer 10

distraction

Question 11

When do tensile forces occur in the IVD?

Answer 11

During rotational movements

Question 12

What part of the IVD tends to bear the tensile loads?

Answer 12

Annular fibers

Question 13

What are some tension injuries?

Answer 13

Spain/strain
avulsion fractures
Nerve traction injuries

Question 14

What bones are at most risk for fracture?

Answer 14

cancellous bones

Question 15

What are examples of cancellous bones that are at most risk for fracture?

Answer 15

Femoral condyle and tibial plateaus

Question 16

In the spine what RESIST shear forces?

Answer 16

facet joints and

Fibers of the annulus fibrosus

Question 17

What are examples of shear injuries? (4)

Answer 17

Brain injuries
tibiofemoral translation injuries such as ACL/PCL
Blisters
Spine injuries

Question 18

Excessive rotational force can result in failure of what?

Answer 18

Any of the elements that resist rotation.

Question 19

What are some examples of things that can happen in a torsion injury? (5)

Answer 19

Fracture of:
-Impacted facet joint
-pars interarticularis
Capsular tears
circumferential tears of the annulus fibrosis
Spiral fractures of long bones

Question 20

Bending is a combination of what two types of forces?

Answer 20

Compression and tension

Question 21

Fractures to long bones frequently occur through which mechanism?

Answer 21

bending

Question 22

What are common tissue responses to mechanical loading/force? (3)

Answer 22

Deformation
growth and remodeling
failure

Question 23

When acted on by external forces, objects ______ and/or _____ in the direction of the net force/torque.

Answer 23

Translate

rotate

Question 24

Local shape change under the effect of applied force is known as what?

Answer 24

deformation

Question 25

If an object is in static equilibrium, then it is most likely that there will be some _______ within the object.

Answer 25

Local shape change

Question 26

The extent of deformation depends of what factors? (4)

Answer 26

Material properties Size and shape of object Environmental factors (heat/humidity) Force (magnitude, direction , duration)

Question 27

Magnitude of deformation as a result of the applied stress/loading.

Answer 27

Strain

Question 28

Measures the intensify of the force.

Answer 28

stress

Question 29

A measure of the degree of deformation.

Answer 29

strain

Question 30

The amount of external force acting to deform the material.

Answer 30

stress

Question 31

The proportional graph, what is on the side going up? What is along the bottom? Stress/strain

Answer 31

stress - side | Strain - bottom

Question 32

Have you checked out the graphs for stress/strain in your notes?

Answer 32

No? Go look....

Question 33

What three other qualities does the graph show?

Answer 33

Strength, futility, and toughness

Question 34

The maximum stress a tissue can withstand without permanent deformation.

Answer 34

strength

Question 35

Stress at the yield point of a material beyond which PERMANENT DEFORMATION will occur.

Answer 35

Yield strength

Question 36

The maximal stress that a material can withstand prior to the initiation of failure.

Answer 36

Ultimate strength

Question 37

The stress at which the material actually breaks or ruptures.

Answer 37

Failure strength

Question 38

Force per unit area required to deform material, represented by the STEEPNESS (slope) of the stress/strain curve.

Answer 38

ductility

Question 39

Tissues fail at a low stress but can withstand a large strain.

Answer 39

Ductile (pliant)

Question 40

Tissue can withstand high stress but fail with relatively low strain.

Answer 40

Brittle (stiff)