Tissues

Question 1

What are the four main types of tissue?

Answer 1

Connective, Nervous, Muscular, Epithelial

Question 2

What are the four functions of connective tissue?

Answer 2

Support, insulate, bind, protect

Question 3

What are the three types of fibers found in connective tissue?

Answer 3

Elastic, Collagen, Reticular

Question 4

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Question 5

Apical surface

Answer 5

Surface of epithelial tissue that is not attached to surrounding tissue and is exposed to either the outside of the body or the cavity of an internal organ

Question 6

Basal surface

Answer 6

Surface of epithelial tissue that is attached to the underlying connective tissue

Question 7

True or false: Epithelium is avascular

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Simple epithelia

Answer 8

Consist of a single cell layer. Typically found where a thin barrier is desirable

Question 9

Stratified epithelia

Answer 9

Composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other. Common in high abrasion areas where protection is important

Question 10

Squamous cells

Answer 10

Epithelial cells that are flattened and scale-like

Question 11

Cuboidal cells

Answer 11

Epithelial cells that are box-like (as tall as they are wide)

Question 12

Columnar cells

Answer 12

Epithelial cells that are tall and column shaped.

Question 13

Which layers of cells determines the name of the stratified epithelium?

Answer 13

Apical

Question 14

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 14

Single layer of thin, flattened epithelial cells.

Found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority

Question 15

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 15

Single layer of cubelike epithelial cells.

Function: Secretion/absorption

Question 16

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

Single layer of tall, column-shaped epithelial cells.

Absorption/secretion.

Lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum

Question 17

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 17

Single layer of column-shaped epithelial cells of variable height; appears stratified because nuclei are present at different levels above the basement membrane.

Secretes/Absorbs

Question 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 18

Multiple layers of epithelial cells in which cells in the apical layer are thin and flattened

Forms the external surface of the skin and extends a short distance into every body opening that is directly continuous with the skin

Question 19

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 19

Multiple layers of epithelial cells in which cells in the uppermost layers are cube shaped

Rare, found in some glands

Question 20

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 20

Multiple layers of epithelial cells in which cells in the apical layer are column shaped.

Rare

Question 21

Transitional epithelium

Answer 21

Multiple layers of epithelial cells in which domelike apical cells flatten and become squamous when the tissue stretches.

Forms lining of hollow urinary organs

Question 22

Myofilaments

Answer 22

Elaborate networks of the actin and myosin filaments that bring about movement or contraction in all cell types

Question 23

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 23

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 24

What type(s) of muscle tissue is voluntary?

Answer 24

Skeletal

Question 25

What type(s) of muscle tissue is involuntary?

Answer 25

Cardiac and Smooth

Question 26

What type(s) of muscle tissue is striated?

Answer 26

Cardiac and skeletal

Question 27

What type(s) of muscle tissue is multinucleate?

Answer 27

Skeletal

Question 28

What are the two major cell types of nervous tissue?

Answer 28

Neurons and supporting cells

Question 29

Neurons

Answer 29

Highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 30

Dendrite

Answer 30

Part of the neuron that responds to stimuli

Question 31

Axon

Answer 31

Part of the neuron that transmits electrical impulses

Question 32

Supporting cells

Answer 32

Nonconducting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons

Question 33

Basement membrane

Answer 33

In between epithelial and connective tissues, reinforces the epithelial sheet, helps it resist stretching and tearing, and defines the epithelial boundary

Question 34

Merocrine glands

Answer 34

Secrete products by exocytosis as they are produced; secretions do not accumulate in the gland.

Question 35

Holocrine glands

Answer 35

Accumulate their products within them until they rupture

Question 36

Which type of glands have a branched duct?

Answer 36

Compound glands

Question 37

Which type of glands have an unbranched duct?

Answer 37

Simple glands

Question 38

What are the only important examples of unicellular glands?

Answer 38

Goblet cells and mucous cells

Question 39

Intercalated discs

Answer 39

In cardiac muscle, branching cells that fit together tightly at unique junctions called

Question 40

Exocrine

Answer 40

Secrete products onto body surface or into body cavities

Question 40

Endocrine

Answer 40

Ductless glands that produce hormones that they secrete by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space

Question 41

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

Answer 41

Ground substance, fiber, cells

Question 42

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 42

Ground substance and fiber

Question 43

Collagen fibers

Answer 43

Extremely tough, provide high tensile strength to the matrix

Question 44

Elastic fibers

Answer 44

Long, thin, elastic fibers that form branching networks in the extracellular matrix

Question 45

Reticular fibers

Answer 45

Short, fine fibers made of a different type of collagen Branch extensively forming delicate networks

Question 46

What is the most widely distributed connective tissue that serves as a universal packing material between other tissues?

Answer 46

Areolar

Question 47

Which connective tissue provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects organs?

Answer 47

Adipose

Question 48

Which connective tissue has fibers that form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types?

Answer 48

Reticular

Question 49

Which connective tissue attaches muscles to bones or muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction?

Answer 49

Dense regular

Question 50

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium located and what is its function?

Answer 50

Found in kidney tubules, outer layer of the ovaries, function is absorption and secretion.

Question 51

Where is simple squamous epithelium located and what is its function?

Answer 51

Found lining serous membranes, lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and forms the air sacs of the lungs, function is diffusion.

Question 52

Where is simple columnar epithelium and what is its function?

Answer 52

Found in digestive tract and contains microvilli which can increase surface area for absorption of nutrients, small bronchi, uterine tubes, function is absorption, secretion of mucus.

Question 53

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium and what is its function?

Answer 53

Found in the trachea, secretes mucus (Goblet cells) and propels mucus by ciliary action

Question 54

Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and what is its function?

Answer 54

Forms the epidermis of the skin, contains tough protein keratin that prevents water loss, main function is protection of underlying tissues from abrasion

Question 55

Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and what is its functions?

Answer 55

Forms moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina, deepest layer is constantly dividing to replace superficial layers if damaged

Question 56

Where is stratified columnar epithelium and what is its function?

Answer 56

Basal layer is columnar but apical layer may appear cuboidal in shape, found most in multicellular exocrine glands.

Question 57

Where is transitional epithelium and what is its function?

Answer 57

Found in areas of the body where stretching occurs such as the ureters and urinary bladder

Question 58

What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes

Answer 58

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous