Tissues Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
epithelial
A
- closely packed cells
- covers internal and external surfaces
- forms most glands
- anchored by basement membrane to underlying connective tissue
- lack blood vessels- diffusion through basement membrane
- surface specialization- microvilli or cilia
- regeneration- epidermis replacement
2
Q
connective
A
- widely spaced cells with extracellular material/space
- support and bind together other tissues
- connected to epithelial tissue
- widely separated cells with extracellular matrix
- rich blood supply (except cartilage)
- function to provide support and connection
- four components: cells, fluid (water), fibers, “ground substance”
- 4 types of connective tissue
3
Q
muscle tissue
A
-elongated cells capable of contraction
4
Q
nervous tissue
A
- neurons capable conducting electrical impulses
- associated support cells
5
Q
epithelial tissue classification
A
- squamous- flat disc, apical
- cuboidal- cube (as tall as it is wide)
- columnar- tall
- simple- one layer
- stratified- multiple layers
6
Q
apical surface
A
surface
7
Q
pseudostratified columnar
A
- nuclei are on different levels
- appears stratified but its not
8
Q
goblet cells
A
-secrete mucus
9
Q
transitional epithelium
A
- goes from one shape to another
- stretches and bounces back
- ex. urinary bladder
10
Q
gland
A
- functional group of cells whose main function is secretion
- develop by invagination of epithelium into underlying tissue
- two basic types of epithelial gland:
- exocrine- presence of a duct
- endocrine- absence of a duct -> moves through the tissue without the need for a duct
11
Q
exocrine glands
A
- merocrine- salivary glands
- apocrine- mammary gland
- holocrine
12
Q
merocrine gland
A
- exocrine
- vesicle exocytosis
- cells produce the substance
- substance is collected within vesicles
- vesicles are exocytosed from the cell into the central duct of the gland
- ex. salivary glands
13
Q
apocrine
A
- all the substance pools within the cell proper at the apical surface
- apical surface is pinched off
- sent through the ducts
- does not destroy the cell (can keep going)
- ex. mammary gland
14
Q
holocrine
A
- cells reproduce
- disintegrating cells with contents becoming the secretion
- disintegrates and becomes the secretion
- ex. sebaceous glands
15
Q
eccrine glands
A
type of merocrine gland
16
Q
components of connective tissue
A
- elastic fibers
- collagen fibers
- reticular fibers
- you can swee adipocytes, mesenchymal cells
- ground substance is between the cells
17
Q
collagenous fibers
A
- major type composed of protein collagen
- like string (tough and flexible but inelastic)
- in connective tissue
18
Q
elastic fiber
A
- thinner than collagenous
- composed of protein elastin
- like rubber band (stretch and recoil)
- in connective tissue
19
Q
reticular fiber
A
- thin single strand of collagenous fibers
- forms a fine meshwork
- in connective tissue
20
Q
ground substance
A
- the nonliving material that cells and proteins are found within
- liquid- blood plasma
- semisolid- loose connective tissue
- solid- bone and cartilage
21
Q
4 types of connective tissue
A
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
22
Q
connective tissue proper
A
- loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
- dense (collagenous): regular, irregular, elastic
23
Q
dense connective tissue proper
A
-more fiber than ground substance
24
Q
loose connective tissue
A
-more ground substance less fiber
25
areolar loose connective proper
- basal to the epithelium
- papillary layer of dermis
- collagen and elastic fibers
- semisolid
- connects epithelium to underlying layers
26
loose adipose connective tissue proper
- hypodermis
- fat storage tissue
- adipocytes
- middle layer of skin
27
loose reticular connective tissue proper
- thin collagen fibers
- layer of the spleen
- resist tension
- dont stretch but allow for mushing around
- flexible
28
regular dense connective tissue proper
- tendon
- many collagen fibers in parallel lines
- very little ground substance
- highly resists tension in specific directions
- regular bc all the fibers are in the same direction
29
irregular dense connective tissue proper
- high amount of collagen fibers in a variety of directions
- ex. reticular layer of dermis -* confusing!
- okay at resists tension in all different directions
30
elastic dense connective tissue proper
- made up of elastic fibers
- ex. aorta wall
- expands and returns to its shape
31
which connective tissue proper is resistant to stretch, flexible, and has a low-density network of fibers
- reticular
- deforms
- will not stretch
32
cartilage
-connective tissue
-solid ground substance
-no vasculature (exception to connective tissue!)
3 types:
-hyaline
-fibrocartilage
-elastic
33
hyaline
- found in joint capsule
- between bones
- smooth
- solid ground substance
- articular cartilage
- low fibers (collagen)
34
fibrocartilage
- collagen fibers
- strong
- intervertebral disks
- squishy middle
- absorb shock
35
elastic cartilage
- ear cartilage
- bounces back
- solid ground substance
- elastin fibers
36
bone
- connective tissue
- solid ground substance
- vascular
37
blood
- connective tissue
- plasma- watery ground substance + protein fibers
- fibers- help clot
- lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils
38
4 major components of connective tissue
- ground substance
- fibers
- fluid
- cells
39
membranes
mucous
- serous
- synovial
40
mucous membrane
- layer of epithelial tissue
- layer of loose connective tissue
- lines tubes within body
- nonkeratinized- regenerative
- ex. vaginal canal - stratified squamous
41
keratinized
- dry
- flakes off
ex. anus
- non-keratinized: vaginal canal, mouth
42
serous membranes
- layer of simple squamous epithelium
- double layer of loose connective tissue
- lines enclosed cavities within body
- ex. pleura- surround lungs
- peritoneum- around the abdominal digestive system
- pericardium- surrounds heart
43
synovial membrane
- areolar connective tissue
- lines joint capsules
- secretes synovial fluid (reduces friction)
- no epithelial layer; its just a connective tissue membrane
44
skin
- protection
- temperature regulation
- vitamin D3 synthesis
- elimination of waste
- reception of stimuli: pain, pressure, temperature
- largest organ
45
structure of skin
1. epidermis- outside layer; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- inner layers- proliferative, regenerative layers
2. dermis: papillary and reticular regions
3. hypodermis
46
dermis
- papillary region- areolar connective tissue (has blood vessels; loose)
- reticular region- deep to papillary; irregular connective tissue (dense)
47
cleavage lines
- pulled across underlying tissues
- laceration that is perpendicular to the lines -> body will naturally pull apart
- parallel to lines it will be easy to heal
48
hypodermis
- superficial fascia
| - areolar and adipose connective tissue
49
what is the most superficial layer of skin that has vasculature
- papillary layer of the dermis
| - epidermis does not has vasculature
50
cutaneous nerves
- touch
- pressure
- temperature
- pain
51
touch
- meissner's corpuscle in papillary layer
- nerve plexus (found in reticular layer) around hair follicle -> goosebumps
- senses light touch
52
pressure
- pacinian corpuscle in reticular layer
| - deeper touch sense
53
temperature
-free nerve endings
54
pain
-free nerve endings
55
skin glands
- sebaceous - holocrine
- eccrine sweat- merocrine
- apocrine sweat- apocrine
56
sebaceous gland
- duct that goes into the area surrounding the hair follicle
- oily substance
- holocrine gland
- skin gland
57
eccrine sweat
- merocrine gland
- watery, across the skin
- skin gland
58
apocrine sweat
- apocrine gland
- skin gland
- fatty, groin and armpits
- strong smell
59
cutaneous muscle
- arrector pili
| - only muscle of body wall (external tissue) that receives motor impulses via autonomic nervous system (sympathetic)
