Tobira Grammar Sentences 3

Question 1

<div> レポートは一応書き上げたけれど、英語のスペルチェックがまだだ。 </div>

Answer 1

<div> 一応 "for the time being; for now; tentatively; although not perfectly; sort of; just in case" In this sentence the use means "although not perfectly" 一応 is used when an action/state is tentative or not quite complete, perfect or satisfactory. It is also used when an action is taken as a precaution. </div>

<br></br> I’ve sort of finished the report (although not perfectly), but I still need to do an English spell check.

Question 2

<div> パーティの準備は一応終わった。後は飲み物を出すだけだ。 </div>

Answer 2

<div> 一応 "for the time being; for now; tentatively; although not perfectly; sort of; just in case" In this sentence the use means "tentatively" 一応 is used when an action/state is tentative or not quite complete, perfect or satisfactory. It is also used when an action is taken as a precaution. </div>

<br></br> I’ve pretty much finished with the party prep. All that’s left is to put out the drinks.

Question 3

<div> このカメラでなら、誰でも、一応きれいな写真が撮れるはずです。 </div>

Answer 3

<div> 一応 "for the time being; for now; tentatively; although not perfectly; sort of; just in case" In this sentence the use means "tentatively" 一応 is used when an action/state is tentative or not quite complete, perfect or satisfactory. It is also used when an action is taken as a precaution. </div>

<br></br> With this camera, anyone should be able to take a decent picture.

Question 4

<div> このノートに書いてあることは全部覚えたと思うが、一応、もう一度見ておこう。 </div>

Answer 4

<div> 一応 "for the time being; for now; tentatively; although not perfectly; sort of; just in case" In this sentence the use means "tentatively" 一応 is used when an action/state is tentative or not quite complete, perfect or satisfactory. It is also used when an action is taken as a precaution. </div>

<br></br> I think I’ve mmemorized everything written in this notebook, but I’ll take another look, just in case.

Question 5

<div> 作文はワープロで書いてもいいはずだが、一応、先生に聞いてみよう。 </div>

Answer 5

<div> 一応 "for the time being; for now; tentatively; although not perfectly; sort of; just in case" In this sentence the use means "tentatively" 一応 is used when an action/state is tentative or not quite complete, perfect or satisfactory. It is also used when an action is taken as a precaution. </div>

<br></br> It should be fine to use a word processor to write the composition, but let’s ask the teacher, just in case.

Question 6

<div> 日本でのインターンシップの経験は、私の人生を大きく左右するだろう。 </div>

Answer 6

<div> N1 を N2 左右する "influence; govern" 左右する is most commonly used in written language. </div>

<br></br> My internship experience in Japan will probably have a big impact on my life.

Question 7

<div> 私はあまり人の意見に左右されたくないと思っている。 </div>

Answer 7

<div> N1 を N2 左右する "influence; govern" 左右する is most commonly used in written language. </div>

<br></br> I think I don’t want to be swayed much by other people’s opinion.

Question 8

<div> 天気に気分を左右される人は、結構多い。 </div>

Answer 8

<div> N1 を N2 左右する "influence; govern" 左右する is most commonly used in written language. </div>

<br></br> There are quite a few people whose moods are influenced by the weather.

Question 9

<div> 今年の冬は、一月、二月共、あまり寒くなった。 </div>

Answer 9

<div> N1,N2 共（に） "Both N1 and N2" The colloquial form is N1もN2も. </div>

<br></br> This winter it wasn’t very cold in either January or February.

Question 10

<div> 東京、大阪ともに外国人が多い町だ。 </div>

Answer 10

<div> N1,N2 共（に） "Both N1 and N2" The colloquial form is N1もN2も. </div>

<br></br> There are a lot of foreigners in both Tokyo and Osaka.

Question 11

<div> 毎年、夏、冬共に祖父母の家で休みを楽しむことにしている。 </div>

Answer 11

<div> N1,N2 共（に） "Both N1 and N2" The colloquial form is N1もN2も. </div>

<br></br> Every year in both summer and winter I make it a habit to enjoy a break at my grandparent’s house.

Question 12

<div> インターネットの時代に入って、人々の買物の仕方が変わった。 </div>

Answer 12

<div> N (time period) に {入り/入って (から)} "since N began; after N began" N に入る literally means "to enter N," but when N is a noun indicating a time period, the phrase means "N begins." The most common form is N に入り or N に入って（から), meaning "since/after N began." </div>

<br></br> Since the Internet age began, people’s shopping habits have changed.

Question 13

<div> 梅雨に入ってから、晴れの日がまったくなくて湿度が高く、気持ちが悪い。 </div>

Answer 13

<div> N (time period) に {入り/入って (から)} "since N began; after N began" N に入る literally means "to enter N," but when N is a noun indicating a time period, the phrase means "N begins." The most common form is N に入り or N に入って（から), meaning "since/after N began." </div>

<br></br> Since the rainy season began, it’s been uncomfortable, with no sunny days and lots of humidity.

Question 14

<div> 江戸時代に入り、和歌より俳句の方が楽しまれるようになった。 </div>

Answer 14

<div> N (time period) に {入り/入って (から)} "since N began; after N began" N に入る literally means "to enter N," but when N is a noun indicating a time period, the phrase means "N begins." The most common form is N に入り or N に入って（から), meaning "since/after N began." </div>

<br></br> Starting in the Edo period, haiku began to be more popular than waka.

Question 15

<div> 60年代に入ってすぐベトナム戦争がはじまり、15年も続いた。 </div>

Answer 15

<div> N (time period) に {入り/入って (から)} "since N began; after N began" N に入る literally means "to enter N," but when N is a noun indicating a time period, the phrase means "N begins." The most common form is N に入り or N に入って（から), meaning "since/after N began." </div>

<br></br> The Vietnam war began right as we entered the 1960s and lasted 15 whole years.

Question 16

<div> 彼は思春期に入ってから、親にすごく反抗するようになった。 </div>

Answer 16

<div> N (time period) に {入り/入って (から)} "since N began; after N began" N に入る literally means "to enter N," but when N is a noun indicating a time period, the phrase means "N begins." The most common form is N に入り or N に入って（から), meaning "since/after N began." </div>

<br></br> Since he hit puberty, he’s really started to rebel against his parents.

Question 17

<div> 環境問題においては、まず、どうすればごみを減らすことができるかという点を問題にすべきだ。 </div>

Answer 17

<div> N/NP が問題に {される／なる} "X becomes an issue; X is brought up as an issue; X is questioned; X is called into question." X を 問題にする means "to bring X up as an issue" or "to question X." This phrase is often used in the passive form Xが問題にされる. Xが問題になる is also common. The meaning is the same as that of the passive version. </div>

<br></br> With respect to environmental problems, we should first address the issue of how to reduce the amount of garbage.

Question 18

<div> 地球の未来を考えたとき、何よりもまず初めに地球温暖化が問題にされるべきだ。 </div>

Answer 18

<div> N/NP が問題に {される／なる} "X becomes an issue; X is brought up as an issue; X is questioned; X is called into question." X を 問題にする means "to bring X up as an issue" or "to question X." This phrase is often used in the passive form Xが問題にされる. Xが問題になる is also common. The meaning is the same as that of the passive version. </div>

<br></br> When thinking about the future of the Earth, global warming is the issue that must be addressed before anything else.

Question 19

<div> 今、その国で一番問題にされていることは、子供たちに平平等に教育の機会を与えることだ。 </div>

Answer 19

<div> N/NP が問題に {される／なる} "X becomes an issue; X is brought up as an issue; X is questioned; X is called into question." X を 問題にする means "to bring X up as an issue" or "to question X." This phrase is often used in the passive form Xが問題にされる. Xが問題になる is also common. The meaning is the same as that of the passive version. </div>

<br></br> Currently, the issue receiving the most attention in that country is how to provide all children with equal opportunities to education.

Question 20

<div> 最近、子供によるケータイの使い過ぎが問題になっている。 </div>

Answer 20

<div> N/NP が問題に {される／なる} "X becomes an issue; X is brought up as an issue; X is questioned; X is called into question." X を 問題にする means "to bring X up as an issue" or "to question X." This phrase is often used in the passive form Xが問題にされる. Xが問題になる is also common. The meaning is the same as that of the passive version. </div>

<br></br> Recently, the overuse of cell phones by children has become a problem.

Question 21

<div> 私の母は、未だに携帯電話を持たずに生活している。 </div>

Answer 21

<div> 未だに "still; (not ~) yet" indicates that someone of something is in the same state as he/she/it was some time ago. This form is primarily used in written language. In spoken language まだ is used. </div>

<br></br> My mother still lives without having a cell phone.

Question 22

<div> あの殺人事件からもう5年もたっているのに、未だに犯人は捕まっていない。 </div>

Answer 22

<div> 未だに "still; (not ~) yet" indicates that someone of something is in the same state as he/she/it was some time ago. This form is primarily used in written language. In spoken language まだ is used. </div>

<br></br> It’s been five years since that murder (case), but the killer still hasn’t been caught.

Question 23

<div> 原爆の恐ろしさはいまだに忘れることができない。 </div>

Answer 23

<div> 未だに "still; (not ~) yet" indicates that someone of something is in the same state as he/she/it was some time ago. This form is primarily used in written language. In spoken language まだ is used. </div>

<br></br> I still can’t forget the horrors of the atomic bomb.

Question 24

<div> リサーチを通して、私達がいかにエネルギーを無駄に使っているかを知った。 </div>

Answer 24

<div> いかに〜か "how; how much; in what way" This structure occurs as an embedded interrogative sentence, where いかに means "how (much)" or "in what way". This structure is commonly used in written language. </div>

<br></br> Through this research, I’ve learned just how much energy we’re wasting.

Question 25

この問題をいかに解決すべきか、みんなで話し合わなくてはならない。

Answer 25

いかに〜か "how; how much; in what way" This structure occurs as an embedded interrogative sentence, where いかに means "how (much)" or "in what way". This structure is commonly used in written language.

We all need to discuss how we should solve this problem.

Question 26

母の料理がいかにおいしいかは、言葉では説明できない。

Answer 26

いかに〜か "how; how much; in what way" This structure occurs as an embedded interrogative sentence, where いかに means "how (much)" or "in what way". This structure is commonly used in written language.

There are no words to describe just how delicious my mother's cooking is.

Question 27

外国に住んでみて、初めて、外国語を勉強することがいかに大切か、よく分かった。

Answer 27

いかに〜か "how; how much; in what way" This structure occurs as an embedded interrogative sentence, where いかに means "how (much)" or "in what way". This structure is commonly used in written language.

When I began living abroad, I realized for the first time just how important it is to study a foreign language.

Question 28

この問題をいかに解決すべきか、みんなで話し合わなくては鳴らない。

Answer 28

いかに〜か "how; how much; in what way" This structure occurs as an embedded interrogative sentence, where いかに means "how (much)" or "in what way". This structure is commonly used in written language.

(as for) in what way you ought to solve this problem, you must talk amongst each other (to figure it out).

Question 29

大学で一生懸命勉強するのはいいことです。しかしながら、宿題や研究ばかりで、友達もできないのはよくありません。

Answer 29

S1. しかしながら S2. "however, but" しかしながら is a disjunctive conjunction and appears only in sentence-initial position. It is a highly formal expression and is used typically in written language.

It's a good thing to study hard in college. It's not good, however, to spend all your time with homework and research and not make any friends.

Question 30

この論文はすばらしいと思う。しかしながら、賛成できない点もいくつかある。

Answer 30

S1. しかしながら S2. "however, but" しかしながら is a disjunctive conjunction and appears only in sentence-initial position. It is a highly formal expression and is used typically in written language.

I think this is an excellent paper. However, there are a few points with which I cannot agree.

Question 31

戦争が良くないことは、みんな分かっているはずだ。しかしながら、未だに戦争は続いている。

Answer 31

S1. しかしながら S2. "however, but" しかしながら is a disjunctive conjunction and appears only in sentence-initial position. It is a highly formal expression and is used typically in written language.

I believe that everyone knows that war is not good, but they still continue to occur nontheless.

Question 32

この間の試験はかなり難しかったが、いい点を取ることができた。

Answer 32

かなり "considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; quite a lot; Indicates that the degree of something is not extremely high, but is higher than average.

The last test was pretty hard, but I did well on it.

Question 33

このカレーはかなり辛いけれど、食べられないことはない。

Answer 33

かなり "considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; quite a lot; Indicates that the degree of something is not extremely high, but is higher than average.

This curry is pretty spicy, but not to the extent that I can't eat it.

Question 34

もうかなり歩いたはずなのに、まだ目的地に着かない。道に迷ったのだろうか。

Answer 34

かなり "considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; quite a lot; Indicates that the degree of something is not extremely high, but is higher than average.

We've already walked quite far, but we still haven't reached our destination. I wonder if we're lost.

Question 35

かなりゆっくり話してあげたのに、あの人は私の言ったことがあまり分からなかったようだ。

Answer 35

かなり "considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; quite a lot; Indicates that the degree of something is not extremely high, but is higher than average.

I talked fairly slowly for her sake, but it doesn't seem that she really understood what I said.

Question 36

彼は小学生だけれど、かなり背が高いなあ。中学生だと思ったよ。

Answer 36

かなり "considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; quite a lot; Indicates that the degree of something is not extremely high, but is higher than average.

He's an elementary school boy, but he's pretty tall. I thought he was a middle schooler.

Question 37

ピアノ、お上手ですね。いつ始められたんですか。

Answer 37

る-verbs: V-masu + られる Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。

You play the piano very well. When did you start learning?

Question 38

先輩、まだ来られないんですか。

Answer 38

irr-verbs: される;（来=こられる) Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。

You're not ready to leave yet, sempai?

Question 39

先生はテニスをされるんですね。知りませんでした。

Answer 39

る-verbs: V-masu + られる Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。

So you play tennis, Professor. I didn't know that.

Question 40

へえ。日本では四国に住んでおられたんですか。暖かいし、海もきれいだし、いい所ですよね。

Answer 40

る-verbs: V-masu + られる Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。 sentence final よね indicates the speaker is unsure about the statement.

Wow, you lived in Shikoku when you were in Japan? It's a nice place, isn't it? The weather's warm and the sea's beautiful, too.

Question 41

すみません、あの鉛筆をつかわれますか。

Answer 41

う-verbs: V-nai + れる Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。

I'm sorry, are you using that pencil?

Question 42

スミス先生は、僕の日本語の先生である森先生を知っておられるそうだ。

Answer 42

V-te いる: V-te おられる Passive forms of verbs are used to indicate politeness when the speaker refers to the actions of the hearer or someone to whom the speaker wants to show deference. However, this use of passive forms does not indicate as high a level of politeness as おV-masu になる or special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and めし上がる。 Note that the polite form of the auxilliary verb いる is not いられる, but おられる. The auxilliary verb おられる is less polite than いらっしゃる。

I heard that Prof. Smith knows Prof. Mori, my Japanese teacher.

Question 43

子農業でいい成績が撮れるかどうかは、期末のレポート次第だ。

Answer 43

N次第だ "depend on N" When 次第 is affixed to nouns, it means "depend on."

Whether I get a good grade in this class or not depends on my final paper.

Question 44

どんなアパートを借りるかは、家賃次第だ。

Answer 44

N次第だ "depend on N" When 次第 is affixed to nouns, it means "depend on."

What type of apartment I rent depends on the rent.

Question 45

日曜日のピクニックはお天気次第ですよ。雨が降れば来週に延期されるそうです。

Answer 45

N次第だ "depend on N" When 次第 is affixed to nouns, it means "depend on."

The picnic this Sunday is dependant on the weather. I heard that if it rains, it'll be postboned until next week.

Question 46

漢字の勉強は覚え方次第で大変じゃなくなりますよ。

Answer 46

N次第で "depending on N" When 次第 is affixed to nouns, it means "depend on."

Studying kanji doesn't have to be hard, depending on how you memorize the characters.

Question 47

このプロジェクトは、社長の考え次第で変わる可能性がある。

Answer 47

N次第で "depending on N" When 次第 is affixed to nouns, it means "depend on."

This project may change, depending on what the president thinks.

Question 48

日本人だから漢字をよく知っているとは限らない。

Answer 48

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

It's not necessarily the case that one knows kanji well just because he/she is Japanese.

Question 49

高いレストランだからおいしいとは限らない。

Answer 49

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

It's not always true that expensive restaurants serve good food.

Question 50

お金型草なっても幸せとは限らない。貧しくても幸せな人もたくさんいる。

Answer 50

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

Having a lot of money won't necessarily make you happy. There are a lot of people who are poor but happy.

Question 51

両親や先生がいつも正しいとは限らないが、一応、アドバイスはもらっておいた方がいい。

Answer 51

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

Parents and teachers aren't always right, but it's a good idea to get their advice anyways, just in case.

Question 52

上手な選手がいなくても、負けるとは限らない。チームワークで勝てることもある。

Answer 52

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

Even if you don't have a strong player, it doesn't necessarily mean you'll lose. There are cases where teamwork wins games.

Question 53

日本語の先生がいつも日本人だとは限らない。とてもいい外国人の先生もたくさんいる。

Answer 53

〜とは限らない "not necessarily~; not always ~; it's not necessarily the case that~" Xとは限らない means "it's not necessarily the case that X." だ before とは is optional.

Not all Japanese teachers are Japanese. There are a lot of excellent non-native teachers, too.

Question 54

自分で、部屋は、毎日ちゃんと掃除して、きちんと片付けておきなさいよ。

Answer 54

ちゃんと；きちんと "neatly; tidily; properly; adequately; in good order; regularly; without fail" ちゃんと and きちんと both indicate that someone does something neatly, properly, regularly, or without fail (i.e. in the way it is supposed to be done). ちゃんと is more colloquial than きちんと。

You need to clean your room properly and put things in their proper places every day.

Question 55

漢字を書く時は、文字のバランスもよく考えながら、てんや戦をきちんと書いてください。

Answer 55

ちゃんと；きちんと "neatly; tidily; properly; adequately; in good order; regularly; without fail" ちゃんと and きちんと both indicate that someone does something neatly, properly, regularly, or without fail (i.e. in the way it is supposed to be done). ちゃんと is more colloquial than きちんと。

When writing kanji, write each dot and line precisely, keeping in mind the character's overall balance.

Question 56

きちんと話さないと、相手に自分の言いたいことが伝えられませんよ。

Answer 56

ちゃんと；きちんと "neatly; tidily; properly; adequately; in good order; regularly; without fail" ちゃんと and きちんと both indicate that someone does something neatly, properly, regularly, or without fail (i.e. in the way it is supposed to be done). ちゃんと is more colloquial than きちんと。

If you don't speak clearly, you won't be able to convey your message to others.

Question 57

健康のためには、朝御飯はちゃんと食べて、夜も6時間以上はねた方がいいですよ。

Answer 57

ちゃんと；きちんと "neatly; tidily; properly; adequately; in good order; regularly; without fail" ちゃんと and きちんと both indicate that someone does something neatly, properly, regularly, or without fail (i.e. in the way it is supposed to be done). ちゃんと is more colloquial than きちんと。

For your health, you'd better eat a proper breakfast every morning and sleep at least six hours every night.

Question 58

私は寮の規制をきちんと守って生活している。

Answer 58

ちゃんと；きちんと "neatly; tidily; properly; adequately; in good order; regularly; without fail" ちゃんと and きちんと both indicate that someone does something neatly, properly, regularly, or without fail (i.e. in the way it is supposed to be done). ちゃんと is more colloquial than きちんと。

I follow the dorm's rules to the letter.

Question 59

日本語を勉強しているんだから、少なくとも一度は日本に行ってみたいと思っている。

Answer 59

少なくとも Number (+Counter) 少なくとも means "at least." It can be used with a noun or number (optionally followed by a counter). When は follows a number (+counter), it emphasizes the number.

I'm studying Japanese, so I'd like to go to Japan at least once.

Question 60

どんなに忙しくても、少なくとも6時間はねた方がいいですよ。

Answer 60

少なくとも Number (+Counter) 少なくとも means "at least." It can be used with a noun or number (optionally followed by a counter). When は follows a number (+counter), it emphasizes the number.

No matter how busy you are, you should get at least 6 hours of sleep.

Question 61

来年は、少なくとも3つは授業を取らなければいけない。

Answer 61

少なくとも N (は） 少なくとも means "at least." It can be used with a noun or number. When used with a noun, は often follows the noun (or the particle after the noun), indicating that the noun is under focus.

Next year, I have to take at least three classes.

Question 62

人に何かしてもらったら、少なくともお礼は言った方がいい。

Answer 62

少なくとも N (は） 少なくとも means "at least." It can be used with a noun or number. When used with a noun, は often follows the noun (or the particle after the noun), indicating that the noun is under focus.

If someone does something for you, at the very least, you should thank him for it.

Question 63

このことについては、少なくとも先生には話をしておいた方がいいと思う。

Answer 63

少なくとも N (は） 少なくとも means "at least." It can be used with a noun or number. When used with a noun, は often follows the noun (or the particle after the noun), indicating that the noun is under focus.

It would be a good idea to talk about this to your teacher, at least.

Question 64

海に行きたい人もいれば、山に行きたい人もいて、旅行の計画が全然決まらない。

Answer 64

N1 も V-cond, N2 も V "some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well" This structure is used to present actions or states (usually 2) as examples of possible or past actions/states. In many cases the actions/states are contrastive ones.

Some people want to go to the beach and some want to go to the mountains, so it's been impossible to plan this trip.

Question 65

人生は考え方次第で、楽しくもなれば、苦しくもなる。

Answer 65

A-stem くも V-cond ば, 〜も "some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well" This structure is used to present actions or states (usually 2) as examples of possible or past actions/states. In many cases the actions/states are contrastive ones.

Your life can be enjoyable or painful depending on how you view things.

Question 66

この仕事は危険でもあれば大変でもある。しかし、誰かがやらなければならないのだ。

Answer 66

ANa {に／で} も V-cond ば、〜も "some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well" This structure is used to present actions or states (usually 2) as examples of possible or past actions/states. In many cases the actions/states are contrastive ones.

This work is both dangerous and difficult, but somebody has to do it.

Question 67

子供の頃は、兄弟とよく遊びもすれば、けんかもしたものだ。

Answer 67

V1-masu もすれば、V2-masu もする "some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well" This structure is used to present actions or states (usually 2) as examples of possible or past actions/states. In many cases the actions/states are contrastive ones.

When we were children, I used to play with my siblings a lot, and I used to fight with them, too, sometimes.

Question 68

一週間のうち、三日はアルバイトに行きます。

Answer 68

N のうち(で) "in; of; among" Xのうち(で）is used to indicate the total entity (X) when presenting a part or portion of X.

I go to my part-time job three days a week.

Question 69

日本語を撮っている学生のうち、30％ぐらいは工学部の学生だそうです。

Answer 69

N のうち(で) "in; of; among" Xのうち(で）is used to indicate the total entity (X) when presenting a part or portion of X.

I heard that about 30% of the students taking Japanese are engineering majors.

Question 70

私が今学期取っている授業のうちで、宿題がないのはタンスのクラスだけだ。

Answer 70

N のうち(で) "in; of; among" Xのうち(で）is used to indicate the total entity (X) when presenting a part or portion of X.

Out of the classes I'm taking this semester, the only one with no homework is dance.

Question 71

毎月もらう給料のうち、2割は家賃のために使います。

Answer 71

N のうち(で) "in; of; among" Xのうち(で）is used to indicate the total entity (X) when presenting a part or portion of X.

Twenty percent of my monthly salary goes towards paying rent.

Question 72

このクラスの12人の学生のうち、男子学生は8人で、4人が女子学生だ。

Answer 72

N のうち(で) "in; of; among" Xのうち(で）is used to indicate the total entity (X) when presenting a part or portion of X.

Out of the 12 students in this class, 8 are male and 4 are female.

Question 73

このクラスには学生が15人いる。大学生が12人、大学院生が1人、後（の）2人は高校生だ。

Answer 73

後（の）Number (+ counter) "the remaining ~; the remainder of ~; the rest of ~" This use of 後 should be distinguished from 後 in the following example, where 後 means "~more." In this use, の cannot occur after 後. このプロジェクトには後三人必要だ。

There are fifteen students in this class. Twelve are undergraduates, one is a graduate student, and the remaining two are high school students.

Question 74

一週間の旅行のうち、三日間は東京に、後（の）四日間は京都に行く予定だ。

Answer 74

後（の）Number (+ counter) "the remaining ~; the remainder of ~; the rest of ~" This use of 後 should be distinguished from 後 in the following example, where 後 means "~more." In this use, の cannot occur after 後. このプロジェクトには後三人必要だ。

Of the week of travel, 3 days will be spent in Tokyo, the remaining 4 days are arranged to be spent in Kyoto.

Question 75

これは私の物です。でも、後の物は全部ルームメイトの物です。

Answer 75

後のN "the remaining ~; the remainder of ~; the rest of ~" This use of 後 should be distinguished from 後 in the following example, where 後 means "~more." In this use, の cannot occur after 後. このプロジェクトには後三人必要だ。

These things are mine. But the rest of these are all my roommate's things.

Question 76

日本語の宿題は今晩しますが、後に宿題は明日するつもりです。

Answer 76

後のN "the remaining ~; the remainder of ~; the rest of ~" This use of 後 should be distinguished from 後 in the following example, where 後 means "~more." In this use, の cannot occur after 後. このプロジェクトには後三人必要だ。

I'm going to do my Japanese homework tonight, but I'll do the rest of my homework tomorrow.

Question 77

私はこの教科書が大好きだ。何より、単語と漢字が覚えやすいというのがいい。

Answer 77

何より（も） "before everything; above all; first of all; more than anything else; the most ~"

I love this textbook. More than anything else, the way it makes it easy to remember vocabulary and kanji is good.

Question 78

私にとって何よりも大切なのは、家族の幸せです。

Answer 78

何より（も） "before everything; above all; first of all; more than anything else; the most ~"

What's more important to me than anything else is my family's happiness.

Question 79

私はうちで本を読むのが何よりも好きです。

Answer 79

何より（も） "before everything; above all; first of all; more than anything else; the most ~"

I like reading at home more than anything else.

Question 80

先生のアドバイスに従って勉強したら、成績がよくなった。

Answer 80

〜に従って literally means "following." In some contexts, it means "in accordance with" or "complying with"

When I studied in the way my teacher suggested, my grades got better.

Question 81

会議で決まったことに従ってプロジェクトを進めてください。

Answer 81

〜に従って literally means "following." In some contexts, it means "in accordance with" or "complying with"

Please carry this project forward in accordance with what was decided at the meeting.

Question 82

先輩の意見に従って、夏はアルバイトをせずに、クラスを取ることにした。

Answer 82

〜に従って literally means "following." In some contexts, it means "in accordance with" or "complying with"

Following my sempai's advice, I decided to take classes this summer instead of working.

Question 83

大学の寮に住む場合には、寮の規制に従って生活しなければならない。

Answer 83

〜に従って literally means "following." In some contexts, it means "in accordance with" or "complying with"

Those living in university dorms must comply with dorm rules.

Question 84

昨日は大雪で、授業に来た学生はたったの四人だった。

Answer 84

たった（の）Number (+counter) "only" This is used to emphasize the small amount or number of something.

Because of the heavy snow yesterday, only four students showed up for class.

Question 85

インスタントラーメンは、たった3分でできるので便利です。

Answer 85

たった（の）Number (+counter) "only" This is used to emphasize the small amount or number of something.

Instant ramen takes just three minutes to make, so it's really convenient.

Question 86

あの喫茶店ではコーヒーがたったの200円で飲めるそうだ。

Answer 86

たった（の）Number (+counter) "only" This is used to emphasize the small amount or number of something.

I heard that you can get coffee for just 200 yen at that coffee shop.

Question 87

先月は忙しくて、たった二日しか、休めなかった。

Answer 87

たった（の）Number (+counter) "only" This is used to emphasize the small amount or number of something.

Last month was busy; I could take only two days off.

Question 88

隣の部屋の音楽が気になってしかたがない。ちょっとうるさすぎる。

Answer 88

{V/A}-te しかたがない "cannot help V-ing; cannot stop feeling ~; so ~; unbearably ~" てしかたない、てしようがない,etc. literally mean that a situation is such or is occurring and there is no way to escape it. The phrases are used to indicate that the speaker is unable to control his psychological/physiological reactions or bear a sensation or an external situation.　しかたがない and しようがない are interchangeable. This use is different from the following example, where the しかたがない means "it cannot be helped; there's nothing one can do." お金がないのだから、留学できないのはしかたがない。

I can't help being distracted by the music from the room next door. It's a little too loud.

Question 89

昨日は、４時間しか寝られなかったので、眠くてしようがない。

Answer 89

{V/A}-te しようがない "cannot help V-ing; cannot stop feeling ~; so ~; unbearably ~" てしかたない、てしようがない,etc. literally mean that a situation is such or is occurring and there is no way to escape it. The phrases are used to indicate that the speaker is unable to control his psychological/physiological reactions or bear a sensation or an external situation. しかたがない and しようがない are interchangeable. This use is different from the following example, where the しかたがない means "it cannot be helped; there's nothing one can do." お金がないのだから、留学できないのはしかたがない。

I only got four hours of sleep yesterday, so I'm very sleepy.

Question 90

来年、日本に行けることになってので、嬉しくてしょうがない。

Answer 90

{V/A}-te しょうがない "cannot help V-ing; cannot stop feeling ~; so ~; unbearably ~" てしかたない、てしようがない,etc. literally mean that a situation is such or is occurring and there is no way to escape it. The phrases are used to indicate that the speaker is unable to control his psychological/physiological reactions or bear a sensation or an external situation. しょうがない　i s the colloquial version. This use is different from the following example, where the しかたがない means "it cannot be helped; there's nothing one can do." お金がないのだから、留学できないのはしかたがない。

I can't even tell you how happy I am because I can go to Japan next year.

Question 91

昨日から頭が痛くてしかたがない。眼鏡が合わないのかもしれない。

Answer 91

{A/v}-te しかたがない／しようがない／しょうがない "cannot help V-ing; cannot stop feeling ~; so ~; unbearably ~" てしかたない、てしようがない,etc. literally mean that a situation is such or is occurring and there is no way to escape it. The phrases are used to indicate that the speaker is unable to control his psychological/physiological reactions or bear a sensation or an external situation. しょうがない　i s the colloquial version. This use is different from the following example, where the しかたがない means "it cannot be helped; there's nothing one can do." お金がないのだから、留学できないのはしかたがない。

I've had a terrible headache since yesterday. Maybe my glasses aren't good.

Question 92

あの先生の講義は退屈でしょうがない。

Answer 92

ANa でしかたがない／しようがない／しょうがない "cannot help V-ing; cannot stop feeling ~; so ~; unbearably ~" てしかたない、てしようがない,etc. literally mean that a situation is such or is occurring and there is no way to escape it. The phrases are used to indicate that the speaker is unable to control his psychological/physiological reactions or bear a sensation or an external situation. しょうがない　i s the colloquial version. This use is different from the following example, where the しかたがない means "it cannot be helped; there's nothing one can do." お金がないのだから、留学できないのはしかたがない。

That teacher's class is unbearably boring.

Question 93

大学に入って以来、高校時代の友達に一度も会っていない。

Answer 93

V-te 以来 "since" It is used with V-te or VN referring to an action in the past, or with N indicating a specific time in the past.

I haven't seen my high school friends even once I started college.

Question 94

携帯電話が登場して以来、町の公衆電話が少なくなった。

Answer 94

V-te 以来 "since" It is used with V-te or VN referring to an action in the past, or with N indicating a specific time in the past.

Pay phones have become less prevalent since the advent of the cell phone.

Question 95

9.11以来、飛行機に乗るときのセキュリティチェックがとても厳しくなった。

Answer 95

V-te 以来 "since" It is used with V-te or VN referring to an action in the past, or with N indicating a specific time in the past.

Since 9/11, security checks at airports have become extremely strict.

Question 96

父は１０年前に亡くなった。それ以来、母は一人で私達兄弟を育ててくれた。

Answer 96

VN/Nいらい "since ~" It is used with V-te or VN referring to an action in the past, or with N indicating a specific time in the past.

My father passed away ten years ago. Since then, my mother has reared my brother and me on her own.

Question 97

この製品に使われているものは、何から何までリサイクルできます。

Answer 97

何から何まで "all; anything and everything; all kinds" 何から何まで means "all" and is more emphatic than 全部, すべて、or みんな. 何から何まで can be used with 全部、みんな、and　すべて。

Every single part of this product can be recycled.

Question 98

このアパートはできたばかりなので、何から何まで全部新しい。

Answer 98

何から何まで "all; anything and everything; all kinds" 何から何まで means "all" and is more emphatic than 全部, すべて、or みんな. 何から何まで can be used with 全部、みんな、and　すべて。

They just finished building this apartment, so everything in it is brand new.

Question 99

信じられた人にだまされて、何から何まで信じられなくなった。

Answer 99

何から何まで "all; anything and everything; all kinds" Means "all" and is more emphatic than, and can be used with すべて、みんな、or 全部.

I was tricked by someone I trusted, and now I can't trust anyone or anything anymore.

Question 100

頭が痛かったので薬を読んだら、かえってひどくなってしまった。

Answer 100

かえって "on the contrary; rather"

I took some medicine because I had headache, but that just made it worse.

Question 101

急いでいたのでタクシーに乗ったら、道が混んでいて、かえって遅くなってしまった。

Answer 101

かえって "on the contrary; rather"

I took a taxi because I was in a hurry, but the roads were crowded and I ended up even later (than I would've been otherwise).

Question 102

よく切れない包丁はかえって危ないよ。

Answer 102

かえって "on the contrary; rather"

Dull knives are actually all the more dangerous, you know.

Question 103

友達と大げんかをしたら、その後、かえって仲良なった。

Answer 103

かえって "on the contrary; rather"

I had a huge fight with my friend, but afterwards we ended up that much closer.

Question 104

楽しみ

Answer 104

A-stem み (only some A can use this form) "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotive than さ-affixed nouns.

1: enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby; 2: anticipation; looking forward to

Question 105

悲しみ

Answer 105

A-stem み "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotivethan さ-affixed nouns.

sadness; sorrow; grief

Question 106

重み

Answer 106

A-stem み (only some A can use this form) "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotivethan さ-affixed nouns.

importance; weight; dignity; emphasis

Question 107

暖かみ

Answer 107

A-stem み (only some A can use this form) "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotivethan さ-affixed nouns.

warmth

Question 108

甘み

Answer 108

A-stem み (only some A can use this form) "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotivethan さ-affixed nouns.

sweetness; sugary taste

Question 109

苦み

Answer 109

A-stem み (only some A can use this form) "~ness" When み is affixed to the stems of i-adjectives, a noun is formed. み - affixed nouns usually refer to an aspect of something/someone directly perceived by the speaker and are often more emotivethan さ-affixed nouns.

bitterness; bitter taste

Question 110

電車のドアが開くと同時に、多くの人が降りて来た。

Answer 110

{V/A}-plain.non-pastと同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

People poured out of the train as soon as the doors opened.

Question 111

新しいゲームソフトは発売されると同時に、全部売れてしまった。

Answer 111

{V/A}-plain.non-pastと同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

The new game software sold out as soon as it was released.

Question 112

12月に入ると同時に、急に寒くなった。

Answer 112

{V/A}-plain.non-pastと同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

As soon as December began, it suddenly got cold.

Question 113

この絵本は読んで面白いと同時に、考えさせられる。

Answer 113

{V/A}-plain.non-pastと同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

This picture book is an enjoyable read, and, at the same time, it makes you think.

Question 114

この車は機能性と同時に安全性についてもよく考えて作られている。

Answer 114

VN/Nと同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

This car was designed with both functionality and safety in mind.

Question 115

大切であると同時に、古いです。

Answer 115

{ANa/N} {である／じゃない／ではない} と同時に "as soon as; the moment; at the same time; also; as well"

It is precious as well as important.

Question 116

この漢字って、どう読むんだっけ？

Answer 116

{V/A}-plain.non-past んだっけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

(I forget…) How do you read this kanji?

Question 117

今、どこの大学に留学してたっけ？

Answer 117

{V/A}-plain.past (んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

Where is the University that you are studied abroad at now?

Question 118

これ、いつ買ったんだっけ？

Answer 118

{V/A}-plain.past (んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

When did you buy this?

Question 119

マイクさん、今、どこの大学に留学してたっけ？

Answer 119

{V/A}-plain.past (んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

(I forget…) What was the name of the university where Mike's doing his study abroad?

Question 120

この豆腐、古そうだよ。いつ買ったんだっけ？

Answer 120

{V/A}-plain.past (んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

This tofu looks old. When did we buy it?

Question 121

この政治家って、衆議院だったっけ。参議院だったっけ？

Answer 121

{ANa/N/QW} だった (んだ) っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

This politician - is he in the House of Representatives or the House of Councilors?

Question 122

この電子辞書、いくらだったっけ？

Answer 122

{ANa/N/QW} だった (んだ) っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

How much was this electronic dictionary again?

Question 123

あのレストラン、おいしかったっけ？

Answer 123

{V/A} plain. past. （んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

I don't remember - was that restaurant good?

Question 124

彼、上手じゃなかった（んだ）っけ?

Answer 124

{ANA/N} じゃなかった（んだ）っけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

Is he not skillful?

Question 125

彼、上手（なん）だっけ。?

Answer 125

{ANa/N/QW} (なん）だっけ っけ is a question marker used in very casual conversation. Note that after the non-past forms of V, A and ~ない, んだ must be used before っけ。

Is he skillful?

Question 126

あの仕事は、立ちっぱなしの仕事だから、疲れるに違いない。

Answer 126

V-masu　っぱなしの　N "keep V-ing; leave" This is used when someone or something keeps doing X or someone did X but did not finish the action properly. As in this case, Vっぱなし is often used to describe an undesirable situation, but this is not always the case. Not used in formal language.

You don't get to sit down at that job, so it'll definitely tire you out.

Question 127

うちのチームは今日までずっと勝ちっぱなしだ。今シーズンは全然負けていない。

Answer 127

V-masu っぱなしだ／で "keep V-ing; leave" This is used when someone or something keeps doing X or someone did X but did not finish the action properly. As in this case, Vっぱなし is often used to describe an undesirable situation, but this is not always the case. Not used in formal language.

Our team is on a winning streak. We haven't lost a game this season.

Question 128

疲れていたので、テレビをつけっぱなしにして寝てしまった。

Answer 128

V-masuっぱなしにする "keep V-ing; leave" This is used when someone or something keeps doing X or someone did X but did not finish the action properly. As in this case, Vっぱなし is often used to describe an undesirable situation, but this is not always the case. Not used in formal language.

I was tired, so I fell asleep without turning off the TV.

Question 129

お湯をわかしっぱなしで忘れて寝てしまい、家事になりそうになった。

Answer 129

V-masu っぱなしだ／で "keep V-ing; leave" This is used when someone or something keeps doing X or someone did X but did not finish the action properly. As in this case, Vっぱなし is often used to describe an undesirable situation, but this is not always the case. Not used in formal language.

I almost started a fire when I forgot about the kettle I had put on and fell asleep.

Question 130

ルームメートはまた食べた皿を出しっぱなしのまま学校に行ってしまった。

Answer 130

V-masu　っぱなしの　N "keep V-ing; leave" This is used when someone or something keeps doing X or someone did X but did not finish the action properly. As in this case, Vっぱなし is often used to describe an undesirable situation, but this is not always the case. Not used in formal language.

My roommate left for school again without cleaning up his dishes.