Toddler and Preschool Health Flashcards by W W

The toddler is between the age of what?

1 to 3 years of age

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The preschool is between the age of what?

4 to 5 years of age

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Cognitive: Preoperational

a) Two to four years of age this is known as _________
b) Four to seven years of age this is known as ________

a) Pre conceptual

b) Intuitive

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Psychosocial: Toddler is seeking _____

Autonomy

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Psychosocial: Preschooler is seeking _______

Initiative

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Physical examination: Anthropometrics
Toddler: Examination will consist of what?
a) Length
b) ______
c) weight
d) head circumference percentage (up to 2 years old)

b) height

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Physical examination: Anthropometrics
Preschooler: Examination will consist of what?
a) Height
b) ______
c) blood pressure (starting at 3 years old, then each year)

weight

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TB screening in well-child checks is ___ universally done.

not

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Developmental Screening [ Denver development screening test, Second edition] For children less than ___ Years of age.

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Laboratory tests for toddler:
1) Hemoglobin at two years (Or wants between one and
____ Years unless otherwise indicated)
2) _____ Screening by two years as appropriate based on
will child surveillance of risk

1) Five

2) Lead

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Laboratory tests for a preschooler:

1) Purified protein derivative (PPD) Test For _______ between four and six years of age
2) ________ ScreeningAround two years; Test if Indicated( Family history, DyslipidemiaOr premature cardiovascular disease)

1) Tuberculosis

2) Cholesterol

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Schedule toddler annual visits at?

12, 15, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months

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Schedule preschool Annual visit at?

Three, four, and five year

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Stages specified: Toddler

a) Strive for _______
b) Tantrums are common
c) Major fears emerge
d) Allow the child to touch equipment
e) Give choices when possible
f) Continue Progression of non-invasive to invasive exam

a) autonomy

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The length Of a child ___ Visit To Two years, Then annually

Each

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The weight of a child ____ visit two years then annually

each

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Physical examination of the child includes what?
a) _______
b) Weight
c) BMI
D) Head conference is measured on each visit to two years of age
E) Serial measurements recorded With standardize charts
F) Dental development continues
G) Vital signs
H) Interior fontanelle closes
I) Testing had a par equal to age 1:

a) length

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Head circumference is measured on each visit to ___ years of age

2 years

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___ Months for primary teeth development

Six months

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____ Years for permanent teeth development

Six years

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Anterior fontanel closed by ____ Months

18 months

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Chest and head are equal two age 1; Chest eventually grows ____ cm greater Has by end of this.

5 cm

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An eye examination should be considered if:

a) Excessive _______
b) Difficulty picking up small objects
c) Head tilting
d) Strabismus

a) Squinting

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_____ ______ may red due to crying

Tympanic membrane

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Assess for ____ Masses; Swollen or Shotty nodes Maybe Acceptable post-infection

Neck

Mouth breathers and toddlers may indicate what?

Allergic rhinitis

Assist for ____ edema in toddlers Mouth?

periorbital

Assess fissures at lip corners and children to indicate _____ Deficiency

vitamin

_____ Quality: Consider an large adenoids

Nasal

_____ voice can be from multiple causes

Raspy

Point of maximum impact near the ____ Intercostal space Midclavicular line

fourth

Liver edge to be palpable at ____ cm Below the right coastal margin

1 -2 cm

This is a condition in which the foreskin this tightly stretched around the head of the penis and cannot be pull back freely

Phimosis

_____ ____ (bowed legs) Normal Variant in Toddlerhood

Genu Varum

__ ____ ( Knock- knees) Normal variant in preschoolers

Genu Valgum

Turned in foot: | a) Femoral ________: in toeing, normal until Adolescent

anteversion

_____ Torsion: Self Resolves by age 4

Tibial

One to ___ cm enlargement may be normal variant in the inguinal or cervical region.

two

________ nodes require aggressive investigation

Supraclavicular

``` Gross motor: At age ___ years a) up and down steps b) Kicks ball without falling c) runs with a wide gait ```

2 years

Gross motor: At age ___ years a) Hops a ___ years b) Rides a tricycle

3 years | a) 3.5 years

Gross motor: At ____ years a) Up and downstairs with alternating feet b) Rides bicycle with training wheels

4 years

``` Gross motor: At ____ years a) skips b) jumps rope c) plays ball ```

5 years

Fine motor skills: At ____ years a) Tower of 8 cubes b) Turns a doorknob

2 years

Fine motor skills: At ___ years a) Copies a circle b) Builds a tower

3 years

Fine motor skills: At ___ years a) Draws a person with 4 to 6 parts b) Tower of 10 blocks

4 years

``` Fine motor skills: At ____ years a) copies a square b) copies multiple shapes c) prints letters d) ties shoes ```

5 years

Piaget's preoperational thinking stages: | Preconceptional occurs at age _____ years

2 to 4 years

Piaget's preoperational thinking stages: | Intuitive begins at age ____ years

4 to 7 years

________ occurs and focus is on one thing at a time

Concentration

The tendency of children to cognize their environment only in terms of their own point of view

Egocentrism

_____ begins, projecting the ability to think/feel like the child, inanimate objects are capable of feeling/thinking

Animism

Visual acuity to 20/30 by ____ years

5 years

Oriented to sound and language development begins at ___ years

2 years

_______ years, play audiometry

2 to 3 years

Over ____ years should experience pure tone audiometry

3 years

``` Language development: By age _____ a) up to 50-word vocabulary b) Can follow tow step commands c) talks constantly ```

2 years

Language development: By age ___: a) up to a 900-word vocabulary

3 years

Language development: By age ___: Can understand phrases and simple analogies

4 years

``` Language development: By age ___: a) vocabulary > 2000 words b) use sentences regularly c) knows at least 4 colors ```

5 years

Meaningful work usage in sentences: | a) Two words together by ___ years of age

2 years

Meaningful work usage in sentences: | a) Three words together by ___ years of age

3 years

Meaningful work usage in sentences: | Four words together by __ years of age

4 years

Meaningful work usage in sentences: | Five words together by __ years of age

5 years

Psychosocial Development: a) autonomy vs shame and doubt b) ___ of discipline c) aggression and impulse control d) play is a more psychosocial medium

Introduction

Psychosocial development: Play is a major psychosocial medium a) Toddler: _____ and parallel play

Onlooker

Psychosocial development: Play is a major psychosocial medium b) Preschoolers: Associative, ____, dramatic, physical play

Cooperative

This is the Gold standard for the diagnosis of developmental delays in infants/toddlers to 42 months of age; separate mental, motor, and behavioral rating scales

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, second edition (Bayley-111)

Standardized testing: a) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler development b) Ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) c) ______ II

c) Denver II

Encourage use of utensils (introduce spoon between ___ months of age)

15 to 17 months of age

First dental exam by age ___ year

1 year

Sleep ___ hours per night with daily naps

10 to 12 hours

Getting kids to bed: | Rituals and consistency at ______

bedtime

Nightmares begin around age ___ years

3 years

Night terrors typically occur between ___ year; most outgrow as they get older.

2 to 6 years

Physiologic and psychological readiness begins between ___ years.

1.5 to 2.5 years

Average daytime control is typically achieved by ___ years

2 years

Nighttime control lags behind by ___ years compared to daytime control

1 year

Do not start toilet training in times of ____?

stress

Do not punish; ___ reward all good efforts

reward

At ___ years a) Is not imitating sounds b) Is not pulling to standing c) Is not indicating desires by point/gesture

1 year

At ____ months: a) Does not make eye contact b) Does not feed self with spoon

18 months

At ___ years: a) Is not walking upstairs b) Is not using 2 to 3 word phrases c) Is not noticing cars, animals d) Is initiating self-stimulation behaviors

2 years

At ____ years: a) Is not aware of the external environment b) Cannot ride a tricycle c) Does not follow simple direction d) Continues baby talk e) Does not imitate adult activities

3 years

At ___ years: a) does not listen to a story b) does not speak in sentences c) Engages in head banging or rocking d) Is not toilet trained e) Does not draw a human figure

4 years

At ___ years: a) Magical thinking is still a dominant presence b) There is no impulse control

5 years

Abnormal speech patterns characterized by repetitions and pause ins speech

Stuttering

a) Cause of this is debatable but generally believed to be developmental dysfluency b) Occurs in up to 10% of children; more common among males c) Maybe familial d) Last for several weeks to 6 months bur often resolves without intervention (50% spontaneous recovery)

Stuttering

_______ is common in hearing impairment and visual impairment

Stuttering

Diagnostic Studes for stuttering include?

none

Management of _______ include? a) Ignore inital presentation b) Encourage parents to be patient c) Refer if: 1) Last > 6 months 2) Child > 6 years 3) Child avoids speaking

stuttering

According to the firth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, a collection of disorders known as _______ characterized by the altered response to environmental stimuli and impaired social interactions

Autism spectrum disorder

Symptom Domains: a) Impaired social communication and social interaction b) Restricted, repetitive behavior, interest, or activities

Autism spectrum disorder

Diagnostic Criteria a) Continuous impairment in interaction and communication that are reciprocal and social in nature b) Patterns of activities, interests, and behaviors that are restrictive and repetitive c) Symptoms that are persistent from early childhood d) Symptoms that interfere with everyday functioning

Autism spectrum disorder

Classification of this ________: a) Must impede functioning especially in school and occupational areas b) social communication deficits must be unrelated to the level of individual development

Autism spectrum disorder

Toddler and Preschool Health Flashcards

(95 cards)